Organizational Structure of Formal Education

Study Notes

A formal education has a mission, which is part of the organizational structure of an educational system, establishing its purposes, goals, and objectives.
Every formal education has a sponsor, consisting of political, religious, industrial, or other institutions that initiate, support, and govern the enterprise.
Within these operating institutions, schools are established, legitimized, and managed.

Mentors are trained and certified personnel who teach, counsel, and train other human resources.
Students are participants to be educated.

Content refers to the body of knowledge, subjects, or skills that students are expected to learn.
Media consists of materials, equipment, and processes through which learning experiences are provided for participants.

Non-formal education is any intentional and systematic education outside the normal or traditional school system, aimed at providing specific training for specific target groups or clientele.
Examples of non-formal education include motivational and youth empowerment seminars, attending short refresher programs, apprenticeship, lecture, vocational or apprenticeship training, extension services, adult literacy programs, and health education.

Formal education is an organized teaching, learning, and training that occurs in schools.
Features of formal education include:
- Takes place in an organized and structured manner at a specific place called a school.
- Teaching and learning are usually based on a prescribed curriculum and syllabus.
- Institutions of education, such as schools and universities, are usually accredited or officially mandated by the government.
- Learning is evaluated through examination and grading systems.

Pedagogical approaches are more flexible and build upon the needs of clients and their satisfaction.

Informal education is the traditional, incidental, or indigenous education that one acquires consciously or unconsciously.
Features of informal education include:
- Teaching and learning is informal, occurs everywhere in casual settings, and at any time for unspecified time periods.
- Experiential learning is based on daily life experiences.
- Spontaneous learning process is not prearranged.
- Unstructured learning process does not follow a curriculum or syllabus.
- Socially led learning process is led by family, friends, caregivers, and other influences in the learner's surroundings.

To develop the child physically.
To develop character.
To inculcate respect for elders and those in position of authority.
To develop intellectual skills.
To acquire specific vocational training and to develop a healthy attitude towards honest labor.
To develop a sense of belonging and to encourage active participation in family and community affairs.
To understand, appreciate, and promote the cultural heritage of the community at large.

Ensuring education in matrimonial, social, and religious domains.
Ensuring training in thinking, practical wisdom, and aesthetics.
Ensuring education of will power through self-denial, physical endurance, and self-control.

Children and adolescents learn the geography and history of their community from observation and from elders.
Botany and Zoology are taught through theoretical and practical lessons.
Proverbs and riddles are used to teach the child to reason and to take decisions.
Mathematics is worked into games of wit.
The youth learn the institutions, norms, and ideas of their culture by attending social events and festivals.