Organizational Decision Making Models
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Questions and Answers

What concept refers to the idea that humans are limited in their ability to process all information necessary for optimal decision-making?

  • Soft Systems Methodologies
  • Satisficing
  • Incrementalism
  • Bounded rationality (correct)
  • In traditional organizations, what decision-making practice was observed according to early studies mentioned in the text?

  • Mode 1 and mode 2
  • Incrementalism (correct)
  • Satisficing
  • Soft Systems Methodologies
  • Which approach to management decision-making is emphasized in the discussed chapter?

  • Intuitive approach
  • Contingent approach (correct)
  • Systematic approach
  • Rational approach
  • What term is used in the text to describe decision outcomes that are not optimal but acceptable?

    <p>Satisficing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Soft Systems Methodologies modes are focused on in the discussed chapter?

    <p>Mode 1 and mode 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lindblom (1959), what is the practice observed in decision making in traditional organizations?

    <p>'Muddling through' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the concept of 'bounded rationality' introduce in the understanding of human decision-making?

    <p>Cognitive limitations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is emphasized as valuable in the decision-making process according to the discussed chapter?

    <p>'Human input' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the satisficing view in decision making?

    <p>Accepting decisions that are good enough based on historical patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Cohen, March, and Olson's 'Garbage Can' model, what type of decisions are expected outcomes in organizational decision making?

    <p>Satisficing decisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are satisficing decisions considered the expected outcome in organizations?

    <p>As a result of organizational risk aversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'muddling through' decision making rely on?

    <p>Using existing organizational knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase best describes 'logical incrementalism' in decision making?

    <p>Gradual and goal-oriented progress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional goal was assigned to 'muddling through' to improve the decision-making process?

    <p>'Muddling through' optimization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Chapter 5 in 'Decision Making in Management'?

    <p>Developing models with qualitative methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 'Decision Making in Management', what does the term 'irrationality' refer to?

    <p>Management of human decision values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Neo-functionalism' and 'logical incrementalism' are terms primarily associated with which type of decisions?

    <p>Political integration decisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest has weakened as managers rely more on statistical relationships of data?

    <p>Role of qualitative data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do public institutions and organizations tend to muddle through using knowledge of similar problems?

    <p>'Muddling through' simplicity desired (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chapters in 'Decision Making in Management' are specifically concerned with 'irrational' models of decision making?

    <p>Chapters 2, 3, and 4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when incorporating human input into the decision-making process according to the text?

    <p>Individual level of analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the approach to decision making discussed in Chapter 5?

    <p>'Rational and 'irrational' models approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Decision Making in Management' shifts focus to 'irrational' models to emphasize the management of:

    <p>Human decision values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Decision Making in Management' chapters 6 and 7 address human input at what levels of analysis?

    <p>'Irrational' and individual levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three stages in the three phase model of decision making discussed in the text?

    <p>Problem identification, solution development, solution selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the three phase model of decision making considered more realistic according to the text?

    <p>It recognizes that decisions are often satisficing rather than optimizing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does the three phase model of decision making allow for consideration according to the text?

    <p>Ethics and risk along with strategic context and goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the three phase model differ from normative frameworks like RAT models?

    <p>It provides a structure without proposing normative frameworks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does organizational hierarchy impact decision making models according to the text?

    <p>It requires delayering to improve decision-making efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common attribute of decision making in smaller organizations as per the text?

    <p>'Firefighting' decision making being their norm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes the Monte Carlo Simulation from other approaches to decision making?

    <p>It assigns weightings to potential outcomes based on randomness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Monte Carlo Simulation allow managers to make recommended decisions?

    <p>By generating random numbers for input and output and simulating many times. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of strategic decision making involves considering the subjective construction of individual reality?

    <p>Cognitive aspect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Monte Carlo Simulation, what do the random numbers assigned to cash flow possibilities represent?

    <p>Forecast probability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of patterns does the Monte Carlo Simulation avoid when making recommendations?

    <p>Both success and failure patterns in the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Monte Carlo Simulation determine the more likely combinations of cash flow?

    <p>By repeating simulations with generated random numbers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method does the Monte Carlo Simulation use to make recommended decisions?

    <p>'Cash in' and 'cash out' inputs and outputs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of thought of strategy emphasizes the subjective construction of individual reality in decision making?

    <p>'Cognitive School' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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