Organizational Behavior and Employee Engagement

Job Attitudes and Satisfaction

• The perception of fairness in the employees' minds is a key factor in determining their willingness to work hard for the organization.
• Employees who perceive they have some input to decision-making processes have a higher Positive Organizational Soundness (POS) and are more likely to exhibit organizational citizenship behaviors, lower tardiness, and better customer service.

Employee Engagement

• Employee engagement is defined as the degree of involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the job.
• Engaged employees are passionate about their work and company.

Job Attitudes

• Job attitudes include job satisfaction, job involvement, logical empowerment, organizational commitment, and perceived organizational support (POS).
• Job satisfaction is a positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.
• Job involvement is the degree of psychological identification with the job.
• Logical empowerment is the belief in one's influence over their work environment, competence, and autonomy.
• Organizational commitment is identifying with a particular organization and its goals, while wishing to maintain membership in the organization.
• Perceived Organizational Support (POS) is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.

Measuring Job Satisfaction

• Job satisfaction can be measured through a single global rating or the summation of job facets.
• The single global rating is a response to one question, such as "All things considered, how satisfied are you with your job?"
• The summation of job facets is a more sophisticated method that considers multiple aspects of the job.

Causes of Job Satisfaction

• Pay has a limited influence on job satisfaction, and there is no direct relationship between the amount of pay and job satisfaction.
• Interesting jobs that provide training, variety, independence, and control satisfy most employees.
• Social context, including interdependence, feedback, social support, and interaction with coworkers, is strongly related to job satisfaction.
• Personality also plays a role in job satisfaction, with people who have positive core self-evaluations being more satisfied with their jobs.

Employee Responses to Dissatisfaction

• Exit: behaving in a way that is directed toward leaving the organization, including looking for a new position or resigning.
• Voice: actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and some forms of union activity.
• Loyalty: passively waiting for conditions to improve, including speaking up for the organization in the face of external criticism and trusting the organization and its management.
• Neglect: passively allowing conditions to worsen, including chronic absenteeism or lateness, reduced effort, and increased error rate.

Emotions and Moods in the Workplace

• Emotions and moods can significantly affect negotiation outcomes.
• Positive emotions can improve customer service, while negative emotions can lead to deviant workplace behaviors.
• Managers who are in a good mood tend to use humor and praise, resulting in increased positive mood among employees.

Emotional Intelligence

• Emotional Intelligence is the ability to deal successfully with others, manage oneself, motivate others, and understand one's own feelings.
• Components of emotional intelligence include:
  • Self-Awareness: recognizing and understanding one's own emotions and their effects on others
  • Self-Regulation: controlling or redirecting disruptive impulses and moods
  • Motivation: having a passion to work beyond money or status
  • Empathy: understanding the emotional makeup of others
  • Social Skills: managing relationships and building networks

Applications of Emotional Intelligence

• Emotional Intelligence should be a hiring factor to ensure employee fit
• Emotional Intelligence can lead to better decision-making for the organization
• Positive emotions can open up innovation and creativity, contributing to organizational productivity
• Positive mood affects expectations of success, contributing to motivation for performance

Affect, Emotions, and Moods

• Affect is a broad range of feelings that people experience, which can manifest as emotions or moods
• Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something, accompanied by distinct facial expressions
• Moods are feelings that are less intense than emotions and lack a contextual stimulus, lasting longer than emotions
• There are six basic emotions: anger, fear, sadness, happiness, hatred, and surprise

Sources of Emotions and Moods

• Personality is a key component of emotions and moods
• Day and time of the week can impact mood
• Weather is thought to have an impact on emotions, but there is no proven effect
• Stress is an important factor that can cause mood changes
• Social activities have been shown to have a positive impact on mood
• Getting enough and high-quality sleep is important for emotional well-being

Emotions and Moods

• Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something, accompanied by distinct facial expressions.
• Moods are feelings that are less intense than emotions, lack a contextual stimulus, and last longer than emotions (hours or days).

Basic Emotions

• There are six basic emotions: Anger, Fear, Sadness, Happiness, Hatred, and Surprise.

Sources of Emotions and Moods

• Personality is a key component that impacts the intensity of emotions felt.
• The day and time of the week can affect emotions, with many people being happier towards the end of the week.
• Weather is thought to have an impact on emotions, but there is no proven effect.
• Stress is an important factor that can cause mood changes, even at low levels.
• Social activities have a positive impact on emotions and moods.
• Getting enough and high-quality sleep is essential for maintaining a positive mood.
• Exercise and physical activity can aid in keeping moods upbeat.

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

• EI is the ability to deal successfully with others, manage oneself, motivate others, and understand one's own feelings.
• Components of EI include:
  • Self-Awareness: recognizing and understanding one's own emotions and moods.
  • Self-Regulation: controlling or redirecting disruptive impulses and moods.
  • Motivation: having a passion to work for reasons beyond money or status.
  • Empathy: understanding the emotional makeup of others.
  • Social Skills: managing relationships and building networks.

Applying Emotions and Moods to OB Issues

• Emotions and moods affect negotiation, customer service, and overall performance.
• Positive emotions can lead to increased innovation, creativity, and motivation.
• Emotional Intelligence should be a hiring factor to ensure employee fit.
• EI can lead to better decisions for the organization.
• Managers who understand emotions and moods can improve their ability to explain coworker and employee behavior.

Emotions and Moods

• Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something, accompanied by distinct facial expressions.
• Moods are feelings that are less intense than emotions, lack a contextual stimulus, and last longer than emotions (hours or days).

Basic Emotions

• There are six basic emotions: Anger, Fear, Sadness, Happiness, Hatred, and Surprise.

Sources of Emotions and Moods

• Personality is a key component that impacts the intensity of emotions felt.
• The day and time of the week can affect emotions, with many people being happier towards the end of the week.
• Weather is thought to have an impact on emotions, but there is no proven effect.
• Stress is an important factor that can cause mood changes, even at low levels.
• Social activities have a positive impact on emotions and moods.
• Getting enough and high-quality sleep is essential for maintaining a positive mood.
• Exercise and physical activity can aid in keeping moods upbeat.

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

• EI is the ability to deal successfully with others, manage oneself, motivate others, and understand one's own feelings.
• Components of EI include:
  • Self-Awareness: recognizing and understanding one's own emotions and moods.
  • Self-Regulation: controlling or redirecting disruptive impulses and moods.
  • Motivation: having a passion to work for reasons beyond money or status.
  • Empathy: understanding the emotional makeup of others.
  • Social Skills: managing relationships and building networks.

Applying Emotions and Moods to OB Issues

• Emotions and moods affect negotiation, customer service, and overall performance.
• Positive emotions can lead to increased innovation, creativity, and motivation.
• Emotional Intelligence should be a hiring factor to ensure employee fit.
• EI can lead to better decisions for the organization.
• Managers who understand emotions and moods can improve their ability to explain coworker and employee behavior.

Emotions and Moods

• Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something, accompanied by distinct facial expressions.
• Moods are feelings that are less intense than emotions, lack a contextual stimulus, and last longer than emotions (hours or days).

Basic Emotions

• There are six basic emotions: Anger, Fear, Sadness, Happiness, Hatred, and Surprise.

Sources of Emotions and Moods

• Personality is a key component that impacts the intensity of emotions felt.
• The day and time of the week can affect emotions, with many people being happier towards the end of the week.
• Weather is thought to have an impact on emotions, but there is no proven effect.
• Stress is an important factor that can cause mood changes, even at low levels.
• Social activities have a positive impact on emotions and moods.
• Getting enough and high-quality sleep is essential for maintaining a positive mood.
• Exercise and physical activity can aid in keeping moods upbeat.

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

• EI is the ability to deal successfully with others, manage oneself, motivate others, and understand one's own feelings.
• Components of EI include:
  • Self-Awareness: recognizing and understanding one's own emotions and moods.
  • Self-Regulation: controlling or redirecting disruptive impulses and moods.
  • Motivation: having a passion to work for reasons beyond money or status.
  • Empathy: understanding the emotional makeup of others.
  • Social Skills: managing relationships and building networks.

Applying Emotions and Moods to OB Issues

• Emotions and moods affect negotiation, customer service, and overall performance.
• Positive emotions can lead to increased innovation, creativity, and motivation.
• Emotional Intelligence should be a hiring factor to ensure employee fit.
• EI can lead to better decisions for the organization.
• Managers who understand emotions and moods can improve their ability to explain coworker and employee behavior.