Organismo: Structura e Organization

General Organism Structure and Organization

• Living organisms exist as single-celled or multicellular. Multicellular organisms are more structurally complex.
• Key structural levels are:
  • Chemical: Basic components of cells (atoms and molecules). These don't perform life functions.
  • Cellular: The fundamental unit of life. It carries out life functions such as reproduction, interaction, and nutrition.
  • Tissue: Groups of cells with similar function and structure performing specialized roles
  • Organ: Groups of tissues working together to conduct complex functions
  • Systems/Apparatuses: Organized groups of organs working toward a common goal. These are further subdivided into organ systems, including musculoskeletal, circulatory, endocrine, etc., and also organ apparatuses, including digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive, cardiovascular, and locomotor.

Cells

• Cells are the basic unit of life, carrying out life processes
• Prokaryotic Cells:
  • Lacks a defined nucleus.
  • Genetic material (DNA) is free-floating in the cytoplasm.
  • Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells.
• Eukaryotic Cells:
  • Possess a defined nucleus with a membrane separating it from the cytoplasm.
  • Have various membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus).

Cell Structure

• All cells share basic structures: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA).
• Plasma membrane: A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls substance passage into and out of the cell.
• Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance within the cell, containing organelles and dissolved substances.
• Genetic material/DNA: Guides cell activities, located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Cell Function

• Cells perform specific functions related to nutrition, interaction, and reproduction.
• Nutrition: Intake of nutrients from the environment for energy and growth.
• Interaction: Responding to external stimuli and interacting with other cells.
• Reproduction: Creating new cells (mitosis for growth and repair; meiosis for sexual reproduction).

Tissues

• Tissues are groups of cells that perform a specific function.
• Types of Tissues: Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle.

Organs

• Organs are structures comprising of different tissue types, having a specific function.
• Organs are often composed of several different tissue types that function together

Systems

• Biological systems are composed of multiple organs that work together toward a shared purpose.
• Major body systems include the circulatory, digestive, nervous, urinary, and other systems.

Este quiz examina le structura e organization general del organismos vivente. Explora le differentes niveles structural, desde le chemical e cellular, usque a organes e systemas. Incipe a testar tu cognition super le fundationes del vita!