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Questions and Answers
What is the relationship between the size of an organism and its surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)?
What is the relationship between the size of an organism and its surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)?
- The SA:V decreases as the organism size increases
- The SA:V is not related to the organism size
- The SA:V is constant regardless of the organism size
- The SA:V increases as the organism size increases (correct)
How does the metabolic rate change with respect to the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) of an organism?
How does the metabolic rate change with respect to the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) of an organism?
- Metabolic rate increases as SA:V increases (correct)
- Metabolic rate is independent of SA:V
- Metabolic rate is inversely proportional to SA:V
- Metabolic rate decreases as SA:V increases
Why do smaller animals with a high SA:V require a higher metabolic rate?
Why do smaller animals with a high SA:V require a higher metabolic rate?
- To generate more body mass
- To reduce heat loss
- To maintain a constant body temperature (correct)
- To decrease their oxygen demand
What adaptations are needed by larger organisms due to their smaller SA:V?
What adaptations are needed by larger organisms due to their smaller SA:V?
What facilitates rapid diffusion across the body surface of a single-celled organism?
What facilitates rapid diffusion across the body surface of a single-celled organism?
Why do smaller organisms tend to have a higher surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) compared to larger organisms?
Why do smaller organisms tend to have a higher surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) compared to larger organisms?
What is the impact of a higher surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) on the heat loss per unit body mass in smaller animals?
What is the impact of a higher surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) on the heat loss per unit body mass in smaller animals?
Why do larger organisms need a specialized surface or organ for gaseous exchange?
Why do larger organisms need a specialized surface or organ for gaseous exchange?
What is the advantage of the thin, flat shape of the body surface of a single-celled organism for rapid diffusion?
What is the advantage of the thin, flat shape of the body surface of a single-celled organism for rapid diffusion?
In the tracheal system of an insect, where does gas exchange take place directly with the cells?
In the tracheal system of an insect, where does gas exchange take place directly with the cells?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
What is the term used to describe the process of DNA replication being described as one strand from parental DNA and one strand newly synthesized in the daughter DNA?
What is the term used to describe the process of DNA replication being described as one strand from parental DNA and one strand newly synthesized in the daughter DNA?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
Why are complementary base pairs important in DNA replication?
Why are complementary base pairs important in DNA replication?
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Study Notes
Surface Area to Volume Ratio (SA:V) and Metabolic Rate
- As the size of an organism increases, its SA:V ratio decreases, leading to a lower metabolic rate.
- Smaller animals with a high SA:V require a higher metabolic rate to maintain their bodily functions.
- This is because a higher SA:V allows for a greater exchange of materials with the environment, but also increases heat loss per unit body mass.
Adaptations for Larger Organisms
- Larger organisms need adaptations to overcome the limitations of their smaller SA:V, such as specialized surfaces or organs for gaseous exchange.
Diffusion in Single-Celled Organisms
- The thin, flat shape of a single-celled organism's body surface facilitates rapid diffusion across the body.
- This allows for efficient exchange of materials with the environment.
Tracheal System in Insects
- In the tracheal system of an insect, gas exchange takes place directly with the cells in the tracheoles.
DNA Replication
- DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
- The process of DNA replication is described as semi-conservative, meaning one strand from parental DNA and one strand newly synthesized in the daughter DNA.
- The enzyme helicase is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication.
- DNA polymerase is responsible for adding nucleotides to the template strands during DNA replication.
- Complementary base pairs are important in DNA replication because they ensure the correct pairing of nucleotides during the replication process.
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