Biology Quiz: Energy and Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct direction of carbohydrate digestion?

Polysaccharides to monosaccharides (correct)

Monosaccharides to polysaccharides

Disaccharides to polysaccharides

Monosaccharides to disaccharides

What type of laxative is prune?

Stimulants

Bulk forming laxatives (correct)

Osmotic laxatives

Saline laxatives

What are substances that can cause birth defects known as?

Antigens

Toxins

Carcinogens

Teratogens (correct)

What is a reasonable weight gain goal for a patient with weight loss?

0.5-1 kg of weight gain per week Signup and view all the answers

Where does the absorption of vitamin B12 occur?

Intrinsic Factor in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the best nursing intervention for someone who is losing weight due to poor nutritional intake?

Offer high-calorie, high-protein snacks Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrates are broken down into glucose in the small intestine?

Disaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Intrinsic Factor in the small intestine?

Facilitation of vitamin B12 absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hepatic portal circulation?

To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste between the digestive system and the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the epiglottis in the digestive system?

To prevent food from entering the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system component is responsible for stimulating digestive enzyme secretion and gut motility?

Parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of glycogenolysis?

Glycogen is converted to glucose molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of breaking down carbohydrates into their building blocks?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

To absorb nutrients and eliminate waste Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is primarily absorbed in the small intestine?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary regulator of glucose levels in the bloodstream?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

To move glucose from the blood to the cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens to excess glucose in the body?

It is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for low blood sugar levels?

Hypoglycaemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucagon in the body?

To raise blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vessel that carries carbohydrates and proteins from the small intestine to the liver?

Hepatic portal vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fibre?

Soluble fibre dissolves in water, while insoluble fibre does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of diastop in treating diarrhoea?

It adds bulk to the stool to slow down bowel movements Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended dietary intervention for Carrie to lose weight?

Follow a low-calorie diet with a focus on reducing carbohydrate intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the islets of Langerhans in the body?

To produce insulin and glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the body regulates blood sugar levels?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hepatic Portal Circulation

The hepatic portal circulation involves blood flow from one capillary bed flowing into another capillary bed.

Epiglottis Function

The function of the epiglottis is to ensure that food products are not aspirated into the lungs.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

In the digestive system, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for motility of smooth muscle and relaxation of sphincters.

Glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis is a process that ensures glycogen is converted to glucose.

Body's Response to Hyperglycaemia

The body responds to hyperglycaemia by releasing insulin, which moves glucose from the blood to the cells/muscles, and then moves any excess glucose to the liver to be stored.

Body's Response to Hypoglycaemia

The body responds to hypoglycaemia by releasing stored glycogen, which is then broken down to its original glucose form and released into the blood via the liver.

Hepatic Portal Vein

The hepatic portal vein is the vessel that ensures carbohydrates and proteins travel from the small intestine to the liver.

Interventions for Weight Loss

Two interventions that can help with weight loss are a dietary plan that includes recommended daily intake of protein, carbohydrates, fruits, and vegetables, and an exercise programme that includes weight-bearing exercises for 30 minutes every other day.

Soluble and Insoluble Fibre

Soluble fibre dissolves in water, absorbs fluid, and softens faeces, making it easier to move faeces along the GI tract.
Insoluble fibre does not dissolve in water and is a bulking agent, which helps to keep bowel movements regular.

Diastop

Diastop is insoluble water and adds bulk to the stool, slowing peristalsis and increasing the viscosity of contents, making faeces thicker and more formed.

Disaccharides

Disaccharides are broken down to monosaccharides.

Prunes

Prunes are a favourable food used to decrease constipation and are classified as bulk-forming laxatives.

Teratogens

Teratogens are substances capable of causing birth defects.

Nursing Intervention for Weight Loss

A nursing intervention for a person with weight loss includes aiming for 0.5 - 1kg of weight gain per week.

Absorption of Vitamin B12

The absorption of vitamin B12 occurs via intrinsic factor in the small intestine.

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Description

Test your knowledge of biology concepts, including the hepatic portal circulation and the function of the epiglottis, in this energy and metabolism quiz.