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What is the main dichotomy that measures the importance of rules and relationships in Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner's model?
What is the main dichotomy that measures the importance of rules and relationships in Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner's model?
In the model proposed by Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, achievement is viewed as more significant than ascription.
In the model proposed by Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, achievement is viewed as more significant than ascription.
True (A)
Name one of the two individuals who developed the model discussed.
Name one of the two individuals who developed the model discussed.
Fons Trompenaars
In Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner's framework, __________ refers to whether time is viewed as a finite resource or used flexibly.
In Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner's framework, __________ refers to whether time is viewed as a finite resource or used flexibly.
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Match the following terms to their definitions:
Match the following terms to their definitions:
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Which of the following is a characteristic of low-context cultures?
Which of the following is a characteristic of low-context cultures?
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High-context cultures often become impatient with low-context communication.
High-context cultures often become impatient with low-context communication.
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Name one example of a polychronic culture.
Name one example of a polychronic culture.
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In monochronic cultures, time is often referred to as _____
In monochronic cultures, time is often referred to as _____
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Match the following cultural aspects with their descriptions:
Match the following cultural aspects with their descriptions:
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Which dimension in Hofstede's model defines culture as the 'collective programming of the mind'?
Which dimension in Hofstede's model defines culture as the 'collective programming of the mind'?
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Agreements in high-context cultures are typically written and binding.
Agreements in high-context cultures are typically written and binding.
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What is one characteristic of public space in collectivist cultures?
What is one characteristic of public space in collectivist cultures?
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Which of the following represents the core of Hofstede's cultural onion?
Which of the following represents the core of Hofstede's cultural onion?
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The layers of Hofstede's cultural onion can be removed while the core remains unchanged.
The layers of Hofstede's cultural onion can be removed while the core remains unchanged.
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List the four components of Cultural Intelligence (CQ).
List the four components of Cultural Intelligence (CQ).
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In Schein's model of organizational culture, the basic assumptions represent the __________ level of culture.
In Schein's model of organizational culture, the basic assumptions represent the __________ level of culture.
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Match the components of SMART objectives with their definitions:
Match the components of SMART objectives with their definitions:
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Which of the following best describes a 'hero' in Hofstede's cultural onion?
Which of the following best describes a 'hero' in Hofstede's cultural onion?
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The rituals in Hofstede's cultural model can be considered unnecessary but are socially essential.
The rituals in Hofstede's cultural model can be considered unnecessary but are socially essential.
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Cultural intelligence includes motivation, cognition, metacognition, and __________.
Cultural intelligence includes motivation, cognition, metacognition, and __________.
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What does Power Distance (PDI) measure?
What does Power Distance (PDI) measure?
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High Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) indicates a preference for taking risks.
High Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) indicates a preference for taking risks.
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In the context of cultural dimensions, what does IDV stand for?
In the context of cultural dimensions, what does IDV stand for?
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The dimension that describes the extent to which people control their desires and impulses is called __________.
The dimension that describes the extent to which people control their desires and impulses is called __________.
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Match the cultural dimensions with their descriptions:
Match the cultural dimensions with their descriptions:
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What primary change occurred regarding Masculinity and Femininity in October 2023?
What primary change occurred regarding Masculinity and Femininity in October 2023?
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Cultures with a long-term orientation value the past and present more than the future.
Cultures with a long-term orientation value the past and present more than the future.
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What is a characteristic of a collectivist society?
What is a characteristic of a collectivist society?
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Which of the following statements is true about achievement-oriented cultures?
Which of the following statements is true about achievement-oriented cultures?
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In ascription-oriented cultures, status is primarily earned through personal achievements.
In ascription-oriented cultures, status is primarily earned through personal achievements.
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Name one limitation of quantitative studies mentioned in the context.
Name one limitation of quantitative studies mentioned in the context.
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In high-context communication, good communication is ____, nuanced, and layered.
In high-context communication, good communication is ____, nuanced, and layered.
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What best describes high-power distance cultures?
What best describes high-power distance cultures?
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Match the following aspects of Erin Meyer's Culture Map with their descriptions.
Match the following aspects of Erin Meyer's Culture Map with their descriptions.
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Cultural crossvergence refers to the blending of values from Western and emerging markets.
Cultural crossvergence refers to the blending of values from Western and emerging markets.
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What is the primary focus of 'Application-first' persuasion?
What is the primary focus of 'Application-first' persuasion?
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Study Notes
Schein's Model of Organisational Culture
- Distinguishes between symbols/artifacts, norms/values, and basic assumptions.
Hofstede's Cultural Onion
- A model representing culture visually.
- Developed by Geert Hofstede.
- Layers of the onion represent different levels of culture (symbols, heroes, rituals, and values).
- Surface layers can be removed, but the core remains fixed.
Symbols
- Words, gestures, images, or objects with meanings specific to a culture.
- Recognized only by those within the culture.
- Can be real or fictitious.
Heroes
- People (past or present, real or fictitious) who embody valued characteristics of a culture.
Rituals
- Collective activities considered socially essential.
- Often performed for their own sake.
- Include greetings, religious ceremonies, and social rituals.
Values
- Core of a culture.
- Broad tendencies toward preferred states of affairs.
- Examples: good/bad, natural/unnatural.
Cultural Meaning of Practices
- Intangible cultural meaning.
- Revealed when practices are interpreted by members of the culture.
CQ (Cultural Quotient)
- Motivation (CQ Drive): Interest and confidence in adapting to multicultural situations.
- Cognition (CQ Knowledge): Knowledge of how cultures are similar and different.
- Metacognition (CQ Strategy): Awareness and ability to plan multicultural interactions.
- Behavior (CQ Action): Level of adaptability in intercultural interactions.
SMART Objectives
- Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.
- Applicable to professional and personal goals.
High/Low Context Cultures
-
Low Context:
- Focus is on explicit communication.
- Information is explicitly stated in the message.
- Agreements are written.
- Examples: Germany, Switzerland, Scandinavian countries.
-
High Context:
- Focus is on implicit communication and relationships.
- Information is embedded in the context of the situation.
- Agreements are spoken and flexible.
- Examples: China, Japan, Latin America.
Monochronic vs. Polychronic Cultures
-
Monochronic:
- Linear thinking, one task at a time.
- Adherence to schedules and plans.
- Punctuality and privacy are important.
- Examples: Germany, North America, Japan.
-
Polychronic:
- Cyclic thinking, multiple tasks simultaneously.
- Relaxed attitude towards schedules.
- Strong emphasis on personal relationships.
- Examples: Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America.
Private vs. Public Space
- Private Space: Individualistic orientation, high physical distance between people.
- Public Space: Collectivist orientation, low physical distance.
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
- Power Distance Index (PDI): The extent to which less powerful members accept unequal power distribution.
- Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI): Tolerance for ambiguity and risk.
- Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV): Degree of interdependence within a society.
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner Model
- Culture is viewed through various culturally based dimensions to understand different ways of seeing the world.
Universalism vs. Particularism
- Universalism: Rules are the same for everyone.
- Particularism: Rules depend on specific context.
Individualism vs Communitarianism
- Individualism: Importance is given to individual goals.
- Communitarianism: Importance is given to group goals and loyalty.
Neutral vs Affective
- Neutral: Emotions are hidden.
- Affective: Emotions are openly expressed.
Achievement vs Ascription
- Achievement: Status earned through merit.
- Ascription: Status based on factors like family or social position.
Sequential Time vs Synchronous time
- Sequential Time: Time is viewed as a linear progression, valued for being punctual.
- Synchronous Time: Time is viewed as flexible and fluid; multiple tasks can overlap.
Internal direction vs External direction
- Internal Direction: Control over outcomes.
- External Direction: Adaptations to the external environment.
Communicating
- Low-context cultures: Precise, simple, clear communication.
- High-context cultures: Sophisticated, nuanced, layered communication.
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Description
Explore key models of organisational culture, including Schein's Model and Hofstede's Cultural Onion. Understand the distinctions between symbols, heroes, rituals, and values that shape the culture of organizations. This quiz will enhance your comprehension of cultural dynamics in a corporate context.
