Organisation Of Cells Quiz

Prokaryotes are unicellular, while eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular.

Multicellular organisms have differentiated cells that perform specific functions, allowing for division of labor.

Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis, converting solar energy into glucose through chlorophyll.

<p>Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions, occurring during development after fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Division of labor enhances efficiency by breaking down tasks into specific roles performed by specialized cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and generating ATP, the cell's energy supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis, assembling amino acids into proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unicellular organisms move using structures like flagella, cilia, and pseudopodia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A low SA:V ratio limits diffusion efficiency, requiring specialized systems to meet the organism's needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An autotroph is an organism that synthesizes its own food from inorganic substances; examples include plants and algae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stomata regulate gas exchange by controlling the opening for the entry of carbon dioxide and the exit of oxygen and water vapor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xylem transports water and dissolved substances upwards, while phloem distributes sugars from sources to sinks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows oxygen to diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide to diffuse out, facilitating gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vascular bundles contain xylem and phloem, facilitating the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photoautotrophs are organisms that obtain energy for carbon fixation from sunlight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon-14 is used to trace the movement of carbon in photosynthesis by tracking glucose development in plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homeostasis is essential for maintaining stable internal conditions, allowing different body systems to function effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guard cells control the size of stomatal openings, regulating gas exchange and water loss in leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular respiration requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hierarchical structure allows for specialization and efficient functioning of tissues and organs, supporting larger body sizes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both processes involve the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, but they occur in different structures (alveoli in animals, stomata in plants).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White blood cells help defend the body against bacteria and viruses and can make antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Platelets aid in blood clotting by sticking to edges of broken blood cells and secreting clotting factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteries have thick, strong elastic walls to withstand high pressure, while veins have thinner walls with larger lumens for collecting oxygen-poor blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vascular system in plants consists of xylem and phloem for transporting water and nutrients, while the animal circulatory system pumps blood through various vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata to control gas exchange and minimize water loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The closed circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, waste products, and immune cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An advantage is more efficient delivery of oxygen, while a disadvantage is it requires more energy to maintain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the small intestine, oxygen decreases, glucose increases, and the levels of carbon dioxide and urea also increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xylem primarily transports water and inorganic substances, while phloem transports organic nutrients like sucrose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the lungs, oxygen increases while carbon dioxide decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide is the primary gas used in photosynthesis, and it enters the leaf through diffusion into the intercellular spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All gas exchange surfaces have a large surface area relative to the volume of the organism to maximize gas exchange efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insects manage gas exchange through spiracles that allow oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to exit, and these spiracles can be opened and closed to prevent water loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fish breathe by taking water into their mouths and pushing it out through gill passages, allowing oxygen to diffuse from the water into the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skin of amphibians must remain moist because gases can only diffuse across cell membranes when they are dissolved in an aqueous solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One advantage of internal gas exchange is that it reduces water loss by maintaining a moist gas exchange surface, allowing mammals to survive in diverse habitats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Van Helmont's experiment highlighted that plants do not grow by consuming soil but rather by absorbing water, although it incorrectly concluded that all plant matter comes from water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Priestly concluded that plants restore the air by replacing the oxygen consumed by animals and burning candles, demonstrating the role of plants in gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of xylem is to transport water and minerals from the roots upwards to the rest of the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The source to sink theory describes how sugars produced in the source (like leaves) are actively transported into phloem and then distributed to sinks (like roots or fruits) for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration involves water evaporation from leaves, creating a concentration gradient that draws more water up from the roots through cohesion and adhesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phloem consists of living tissues such as sieve plates and companion cells, while xylem is made up of dead tissue with thick lignin walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohesion refers to water molecules' attraction to each other, while tension describes water's adhesion to the sides of xylem, both essential for upward movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sucrose is less reactive and easier to transport than glucose, making it suitable for movement through phloem over longer distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High pressure in the phloem, created by sugar loading and water influx, drives sucrose movement towards areas of lower pressure (sinks).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translocation is the movement of sugars from leaves to other tissues in the plant, with leaves acting as the source and other tissues as the sink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical digestion involves breaking food into smaller pieces without changing its molecular structure, while chemical digestion alters the food's molecules through enzymes and acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis refers to the involuntary contractions that push food through the gastrointestinal tract, preventing backflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four main biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential nutrients are substances required by organisms for growth and metabolism, while minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances with specific biochemical roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the body by red blood cells, which pick up oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries and release it to body tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valves in the heart ensure that blood flows in one direction through the chambers, preventing backflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood transports oxygen and nutrients to cells, removes waste products, and helps regulate body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The duodenum primarily absorbs nutrients and is involved in the chemical digestion of proteins and carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autotrophs produce their own nutrients through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, while heterotrophs obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acronym CHONPS stands for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes in digestion facilitate the breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules and help speed up chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is crucial for various biological processes, including nutrient transport, chemical reactions, and temperature regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers