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Organic vs Inorganic Molecules Quiz
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Organic vs Inorganic Molecules Quiz

Created by
@CompliantMemphis

Questions and Answers

What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?

Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen, tend to be larger, have covalent bonds, and are non-electrolytes. Inorganic molecules consist of any substance that can't be classified as organic.

What are the four most common elements in organic molecules?

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)

What are two less common elements in organic molecules?

Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S)

What solvent is necessary for metabolic reactions and makes up 2/3 of body weight?

<p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gas releases energy from food?

<p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the waste product of metabolism?

<p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of ions for metabolic reactions?

<p>Ionic salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are minerals needed for metabolism in very small amounts called?

<p>Trace elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are five inorganic substances in the body?

<p>Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ionic salts, trace elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules contain C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio?

<p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

<p>Sugars, complex carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is a monosaccharide?

<p>Sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate are disaccharides and polysaccharides?

<p>Complex carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a disaccharide.

<p>Sucrose, lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a polysaccharide.

<p>Glycogen, cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a monosaccharide.

<p>Glucose, fructose, galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are burned for energy?

<p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are used for energy storage and structural support?

<p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary energy sources for the body?

<p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of lipids?

<p>Fats, phospholipids, steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stores energy for cellular activity, larger yield than carbs?

<p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are saturated fats?

<p>Contain maximum amount of hydrogen, solid at room temperature, less healthy type of fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are unsaturated fats?

<p>Have space for hydrogen, at least one double bond in a fatty acid chain, liquid at room temperature, more healthy type of fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a phospholipid?

<p>Like a fat, but one fatty acid replaced by a phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of cell membranes?

<p>Phospholipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hydrophilic part of a phospholipid?

<p>Phosphate head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the hydrophobic parts of a phospholipid?

<p>Fatty acid tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hydrogenated fat?

<p>Unsaturated fat with added hydrogen, also known as trans fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are steroids?

<p>Assorted collection of molecules all containing a backbone of four connected rings of carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of different types of steroids.

<p>Cholesterol, sex hormones, estrogen, testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins?

<p>Large molecules containing C, H, O &amp; N</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name some functions of proteins.

<p>Function as enzymes, structural components, energy sources, hormones, receptors, antibodies, cell membrane components</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic building blocks of proteins called?

<p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do amino acids consist of?

<p>Center C, amino group, carboxyl group, and R chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond do amino acids form?

<p>Peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do one or more chains of amino acids form?

<p>Polypeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the function of proteins?

<p>Conformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four levels of protein structure?

<p>Primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide called?

<p>Primary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the secondary structure of proteins characterized by?

<p>Chain folds to form helices and beta-pleated sheets, caused by hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the tertiary structure of proteins?

<p>More folding to create final three-dimensional shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the quaternary structure of proteins?

<p>Two or more polypeptide subunits join together to make final protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to proteins when they lose their conformation?

<p>Denatured</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of denaturation?

<p>Heat, cold, radiation, electricity, pH change, toxic chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are incorrectly folded proteins that cause disease called?

<p>Prion</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prions cause disease?

<p>They cause other normal proteins of the same kind to also fold wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the genetic material of the cell?

<p>Nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do nucleic acids contain?

<p>C, H, O, N, and P</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleic acids made of?

<p>Long chains of monomers called nucleotides, also contain phosphate, five-carbon sugar, and the nitrogen base</p> Signup and view all the answers

What functions do nucleic acids serve?

<p>Transcription and translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some loose nucleotides with extra phosphate groups used for?

<p>Energy sources, for example, ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of DNA?

<p>Double-stranded helix, sugar is deoxyribose, bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, strands held together by hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of RNA?

<p>Single-stranded nucleic acid, sugar is ribose, contains the base uracil instead of thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organic vs Inorganic Molecules

  • Organic molecules include carbon and hydrogen, typically larger, and have covalent bonds, functioning as non-electrolytes.
  • Inorganic molecules lack carbon-hydrogen structures and encompass various substances that are not classified as organic.

Common Elements in Organic Molecules

  • Four primary elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N).
  • Less common elements: Phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S).

Role of Water in Metabolism

  • Essential solvent for metabolic reactions, transporting chemicals and heat.
  • Comprises approximately two-thirds of body weight.

Gas Exchange in Metabolism

  • Oxygen is vital for energy release from food.
  • Carbon dioxide serves as a waste product resulting from metabolic processes.

Ionic Compounds in Metabolism

  • Ionic salts provide necessary ions for various metabolic reactions.
  • Trace elements are minerals required in small amounts for metabolic functions.

Inorganic Substances in the Body

  • Five key inorganic substances: water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ionic salts, and trace elements.

Carbohydrates

  • Characterized by the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as 1:2:1.
  • Two main types: sugars (monosaccharides) and complex carbohydrates (disaccharides and polysaccharides).
  • Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose; they are used for energy.
  • Disaccharides: sucrose and lactose. Polysaccharides: glycogen and cellulose, serving energy storage and structural roles.

Lipids

  • Three types of lipids: fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
  • Fats store energy for cellular activity and have a larger yield than carbohydrates.
  • Fats come in two forms: saturated (solid at room temperature and less healthy) and unsaturated (liquid at room temperature and healthier).
  • Phospholipids are key components of cell membranes, composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group.
  • Steroids consist of a carbon backbone with four interconnected rings.

Proteins

  • Composed of C, H, O, and N, proteins serve multiple functions including enzymes, structural components, and energy sources.
  • The basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids, linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.
  • Protein structure levels: primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (helixes and sheets formed by hydrogen bonds), tertiary (final three-dimensional shape), quaternary (multiple polypeptide subunits).
  • Proteins can become denatured due to factors like heat, cold, radiation, and pH changes.

Nucleic Acids

  • Form the genetic material of cells, made of C, H, O, N, and P, consisting of nucleotides that include a phosphate, five-carbon sugar, and nitrogen base.
  • Functions include participation in transcription and translation processes.
  • DNA is a double-stranded helix with deoxyribose sugar and bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
  • RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar and contains uracil instead of thymine.
  • ATP is a nucleotide with extra phosphate groups used as an energy source.

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Description

This quiz explores the differences between organic and inorganic molecules, highlighting their structures and roles in metabolism. It covers common elements found in organic compounds, the importance of water in metabolic reactions, and the significance of gas exchange for energy release. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in biochemistry!

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