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Questions and Answers
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen, tend to be larger, have covalent bonds, and are non-electrolytes. Inorganic molecules consist of any substance that can't be classified as organic.
What are the four most common elements in organic molecules?
What are the four most common elements in organic molecules?
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)
What are two less common elements in organic molecules?
What are two less common elements in organic molecules?
Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S)
What solvent is necessary for metabolic reactions and makes up 2/3 of body weight?
What solvent is necessary for metabolic reactions and makes up 2/3 of body weight?
What gas releases energy from food?
What gas releases energy from food?
What is the waste product of metabolism?
What is the waste product of metabolism?
What is the source of ions for metabolic reactions?
What is the source of ions for metabolic reactions?
What are minerals needed for metabolism in very small amounts called?
What are minerals needed for metabolism in very small amounts called?
What are five inorganic substances in the body?
What are five inorganic substances in the body?
What type of molecules contain C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio?
What type of molecules contain C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio?
What are the two main types of carbohydrates?
What are the two main types of carbohydrates?
What type of carbohydrate is a monosaccharide?
What type of carbohydrate is a monosaccharide?
What type of carbohydrate are disaccharides and polysaccharides?
What type of carbohydrate are disaccharides and polysaccharides?
Give an example of a disaccharide.
Give an example of a disaccharide.
Give an example of a polysaccharide.
Give an example of a polysaccharide.
Give an example of a monosaccharide.
Give an example of a monosaccharide.
What are burned for energy?
What are burned for energy?
What are used for energy storage and structural support?
What are used for energy storage and structural support?
What are the primary energy sources for the body?
What are the primary energy sources for the body?
What are the three types of lipids?
What are the three types of lipids?
What stores energy for cellular activity, larger yield than carbs?
What stores energy for cellular activity, larger yield than carbs?
What are saturated fats?
What are saturated fats?
What are unsaturated fats?
What are unsaturated fats?
What is a phospholipid?
What is a phospholipid?
What is the main component of cell membranes?
What is the main component of cell membranes?
What is the hydrophilic part of a phospholipid?
What is the hydrophilic part of a phospholipid?
What are the hydrophobic parts of a phospholipid?
What are the hydrophobic parts of a phospholipid?
What is a hydrogenated fat?
What is a hydrogenated fat?
What are steroids?
What are steroids?
Give examples of different types of steroids.
Give examples of different types of steroids.
What are proteins?
What are proteins?
Name some functions of proteins.
Name some functions of proteins.
What are the basic building blocks of proteins called?
What are the basic building blocks of proteins called?
What do amino acids consist of?
What do amino acids consist of?
What type of bond do amino acids form?
What type of bond do amino acids form?
What do one or more chains of amino acids form?
What do one or more chains of amino acids form?
What determines the function of proteins?
What determines the function of proteins?
What are the four levels of protein structure?
What are the four levels of protein structure?
What is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide called?
What is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide called?
What is the secondary structure of proteins characterized by?
What is the secondary structure of proteins characterized by?
What describes the tertiary structure of proteins?
What describes the tertiary structure of proteins?
What is the quaternary structure of proteins?
What is the quaternary structure of proteins?
What happens to proteins when they lose their conformation?
What happens to proteins when they lose their conformation?
What are the causes of denaturation?
What are the causes of denaturation?
What are incorrectly folded proteins that cause disease called?
What are incorrectly folded proteins that cause disease called?
How do prions cause disease?
How do prions cause disease?
What forms the genetic material of the cell?
What forms the genetic material of the cell?
What do nucleic acids contain?
What do nucleic acids contain?
What are nucleic acids made of?
What are nucleic acids made of?
What functions do nucleic acids serve?
What functions do nucleic acids serve?
What are some loose nucleotides with extra phosphate groups used for?
What are some loose nucleotides with extra phosphate groups used for?
What is the structure of DNA?
What is the structure of DNA?
What is the structure of RNA?
What is the structure of RNA?
Study Notes
Organic vs Inorganic Molecules
- Organic molecules include carbon and hydrogen, typically larger, and have covalent bonds, functioning as non-electrolytes.
- Inorganic molecules lack carbon-hydrogen structures and encompass various substances that are not classified as organic.
Common Elements in Organic Molecules
- Four primary elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N).
- Less common elements: Phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S).
Role of Water in Metabolism
- Essential solvent for metabolic reactions, transporting chemicals and heat.
- Comprises approximately two-thirds of body weight.
Gas Exchange in Metabolism
- Oxygen is vital for energy release from food.
- Carbon dioxide serves as a waste product resulting from metabolic processes.
Ionic Compounds in Metabolism
- Ionic salts provide necessary ions for various metabolic reactions.
- Trace elements are minerals required in small amounts for metabolic functions.
Inorganic Substances in the Body
- Five key inorganic substances: water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ionic salts, and trace elements.
Carbohydrates
- Characterized by the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as 1:2:1.
- Two main types: sugars (monosaccharides) and complex carbohydrates (disaccharides and polysaccharides).
- Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose; they are used for energy.
- Disaccharides: sucrose and lactose. Polysaccharides: glycogen and cellulose, serving energy storage and structural roles.
Lipids
- Three types of lipids: fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
- Fats store energy for cellular activity and have a larger yield than carbohydrates.
- Fats come in two forms: saturated (solid at room temperature and less healthy) and unsaturated (liquid at room temperature and healthier).
- Phospholipids are key components of cell membranes, composed of a fatty acid and a phosphate group.
- Steroids consist of a carbon backbone with four interconnected rings.
Proteins
- Composed of C, H, O, and N, proteins serve multiple functions including enzymes, structural components, and energy sources.
- The basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids, linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.
- Protein structure levels: primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (helixes and sheets formed by hydrogen bonds), tertiary (final three-dimensional shape), quaternary (multiple polypeptide subunits).
- Proteins can become denatured due to factors like heat, cold, radiation, and pH changes.
Nucleic Acids
- Form the genetic material of cells, made of C, H, O, N, and P, consisting of nucleotides that include a phosphate, five-carbon sugar, and nitrogen base.
- Functions include participation in transcription and translation processes.
- DNA is a double-stranded helix with deoxyribose sugar and bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
- RNA is single-stranded with ribose sugar and contains uracil instead of thymine.
- ATP is a nucleotide with extra phosphate groups used as an energy source.
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Description
This quiz explores the differences between organic and inorganic molecules, highlighting their structures and roles in metabolism. It covers common elements found in organic compounds, the importance of water in metabolic reactions, and the significance of gas exchange for energy release. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in biochemistry!
