Organic vs Inorganic Compounds Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is defined as an organic compound?

  • A compound that exclusively contains metals
  • A compound formed from inorganic sources
  • A compound mainly composed of carbon and its covalent bonds with other elements (correct)
  • A compound that contains only oxygen and hydrogen

    • Which statement accurately describes the source of organic compounds?

  • They originate solely from metallic sources.
  • They are exclusively sourced from non-living materials.
  • They are derived from either living or non-living sources. (correct)
  • They are only produced in laboratory settings.

    • Which of the following elements is NOT typically found in organic compounds?

  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Hydrogen
  • Iron (correct)

    • In what manner are organic compounds generally structured?

    <p>They contain carbon covalently bonded to various elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major distinction between organic and inorganic compounds?

    <p>Organic compounds are primarily carbon-based, while inorganic compounds are derived from elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the appearance of a blood red color indicate in the presence of ferric chloride solution?

    <p>Presence of nitrogen and sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH level indicates an acidic compound?

    <p>Below 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organic compounds do not change the color of litmus?

    <p>Neutral compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is characteristic of basic compounds?

    <p>Amines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is classified as inert?

    <p>Naphthalene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clear filtrate obtained after heating the solution and filtering out insoluble matter called?

    <p>Lassaigne's solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the filtrate from the sodium fusion extract is colored?

    <p>Discard it and repeat the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected smell when performing the ester test?

    <p>Fruity smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when sodium reacts with sulfur during the fusion process?

    <p>Sodium sulfide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is added during the ester test to the stock solution?

    <p>Glacial acetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following salts is produced when sodium fuses with nitrogen?

    <p>Sodium cyanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to detect the presence of nitrogen in Lassaigne's solution?

    <p>Ferrous sulphate test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reaction time for warming the mixture during the ester test?

    <p>10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual indicator suggests that an alcoholic group is present in the ceric ammonium nitrate test?

    <p>Pink or red color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following precautions is important when using sodium metal?

    <p>Ensure the fusion tube is clean and dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color indicates a positive result for nitrogen when performing the ferrous sulphate test?

    <p>Prussian blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not used in the ester test?

    <p>Ceric ammonium nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the ferrous sulphate test for nitrogen?

    <p>To convert ferrous hydroxide to ferrous chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do after warming the mixture in the ester test?

    <p>Pour into cold water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reagent is specifically added to the stock solution in the ceric ammonium nitrate test?

    <p>Ceric ammonium nitrate reagent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is done with the mixture after the ceric ammonium nitrate is added?

    <p>It is shaken well</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed when performing the sodium nitroprusside test if a keto group is present?

    <p>Red coloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical is added dropwise to the sodium nitroprusside solution during testing?

    <p>Sodium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary observation in the sodium bicarbonate test for carboxylic acids?

    <p>Brisk effervescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is confirmed to be present in the ester test based on the addition of ethanol and sulfuric acid?

    <p>Carboxylic group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What smell is typically associated with the ester test after mixing the stock solution with ethanol and sulfuric acid?

    <p>Fruity smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound is dissolved to conduct the sodium nitroprusside test?

    <p>Sodium nitroprusside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when sodium bicarbonate is added to a stock solution containing carboxylic acid?

    <p>Release of gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of concentrated sulfuric acid in the ester test?

    <p>Catalyst for ester formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs upon the addition of HCl to the mixture after shaking and cooling?

    <p>Insoluble material is observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the melting point indicate about a substance?

    <p>It is the temperature at which solid and liquid phases exist in equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds has the highest melting point?

    <p>Gallic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the pressure when determining melting points?

    <p>Melting points depend on the conditions under which they are measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many degrees Celsius is the melting point of Urea?

    <p>133 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing confirmatory tests?

    <p>To select the final compound for analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the melting point apparatus measure?

    <p>The temperature required for melting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has a melting point range of 189-191 °C?

    <p>Oxalic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Identifying Organic Compounds

    • Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen, and may also contain oxygen, nitrogen, halogen and sulfur.
    • They are typically covalently bonded.
    • Organic compounds usually come from living things.

    Differences Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds

    • Definition: Organic compounds are derivatives of hydrocarbons, while inorganic compounds are derived from elements.
    • Source: Organic compounds are commonly found in living organisms, sometimes in non-living things. Inorganic compounds originate from non-living sources.
    • Composition: Organic compounds primarily contain carbon and hydrogen, sometimes with other elements. Inorganic compounds can contain various elements.
    • Solubility: Organic compounds are generally soluble in non-polar solvents, while inorganic compounds are often soluble in water.
    • Chemical bonding: Organic compounds usually exhibit covalent bonding. Inorganic compounds typically have ionic bonding.
    • Melting point: Organic compounds have low melting points, while inorganic compounds have high melting points,
    • Boiling point: Organic compounds have low boiling points. Inorganic compounds have high boiling points.
    • Catenation: Organic compounds form long chains easily, a process called catenation. This is rarely seen in inorganic compounds.
    • Isomerism: Isomers are possible in organic compounds, this is not the case with inorganic compounds.
    • Stability: Organic compounds often break down (decompose) easily when heated. Inorganic compounds generally do not decompose when heated.
    • Flammability: Organic compounds tend to be flammable, while inorganic compounds usually are not.
    • Conductivity: Organic compounds are non-electrolytes, unlike inorganic compounds, which are typically electrolytes.
    • Rate of reactions: Organic reactions tend to be slower than inorganic reactions.

    Procedure for Identifying Organic Compounds

    • Preliminary investigation: This includes observing physical properties such as color, state (solid, liquid), odor.
    • Detection of elements: Tests for the presence of elements like halogen, nitrogen and sulfur.
    • Allocation of class: This commonly involves solubility tests.
    • Confirmation of functional groups: Tests to identify specific functional groups.
    • Melting/boiling point determination: Determining melting and/or boiling points.
    • Confirmatory tests: These tests confirm the specific compound.

    Physical Properties of Organic Compounds—Step 1

    • Physical state: Organic compounds can exist as solids (crystalline or amorphous), liquids (viscous or non-viscous).
    • Color: Many organic compounds have specific colors due to chromophoric groups or impurities.

    Detection of Elements in Organic Compounds—Step 2

    • Lassaigne's solution: This solution is necessary for detecting nitrogen, sulfur and halogens.
    • Mechanism: The solution is made by fusing an organic compound with sodium and then dissolving the resulting product in water.

    Qualitative Tests for Elements in Organic Compounds—Step 2.2

    • Nitrogen: Ferrous sulphate test (identifies nitrogen using characteristic Prussian blue color.)
    • Sulphur: Sodium nitroprusside test (violet color indicates the presence of sulfur).
    • Halogens: Silver nitrate test (formation of specific precipitates indicate presence of chlorine, bromine or iodine.)

    Allocation of Organic Compounds—Step 3

    • Compounds can be categorized by their solubility in varying liquids to assess their properties.
    • Types of Compounds: Acidic, Basic, Neutral, Inert.

    Determination of Functional Groups—Step 4

    • Tests confirm the specific functional groups of organic compounds.

    Confirmatory Tests for Compounds—Step 6

    • Detailed tests confirm the identification of the specific compound.

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    Identification of Organic Compounds PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the distinctions between organic and inorganic compounds. This quiz covers definitions, sources, compositions, solubility, and bonding characteristics. Understand the fundamental differences that define these two essential categories of chemistry.

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