Organic Reactions Quiz

Organic Reactions

• Sandmeyer's Reaction: Aromatic diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides in the presence of copper(I) halides. Aryl halides are formed from benzene diazonium salts by treatment with copper(I) halides.
• Gattermann Reaction: Halogens can be introduced into the benzene ring of diazonium salts using copper(I) halides. The process uses copper(I) salts as a catalyst in the presence of halogen acids, leading to the formation of aryl halides.
• Balz-Schiumann Reaction: Aryl diazonium salts react with fluoroboric acid to furnish aryl fluorides.
• Finkelstein Reaction: Alkyl iodides can be prepared by reacting alkyl chlorides or bromides with sodium iodide. This reaction favors the conversion of alkyl chlorides or bromides to alkyl iodides.
• Swartz Reaction: Alkyl halides react with metallic fluorides to produce alkyl fluorides. Halogen exchanges in alcohol or alkyl compounds.
• Wurtz Reaction: Alkyl halides react with sodium to produce alkanes. Alkyl halides with sodium in an ether medium forms alkanes.
• Wurtz-Fitttig Reaction: Aryl halides react with alkyl halides with sodium to produce alkylbenzenes. Reaction of aryl halides with alkyl halides with sodium in an ether medium forms alkyl benzenes.
• Fittig Reaction: Aryl halides react with aryl halides with sodium to produce diarylmethane. This reaction occurs in an ethereal solvent.
• Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: Alkyl halides can be used to alkylate aromatic rings using a Lewis acid catalyst. Aryl alkylation reaction.
• Friedel-Crafts Acylation: Acyl chlorides can be used to acylate aromatic rings using a Lewis acid catalyst.

Additional Reactions

• Reimer-Tiemann Reaction: Phenols are prepared by reacting chloroform with sodium hydroxide. Reaction of chloroform with phenol produces salicylaldehyde, a key intermediate in the synthesis of phenols.
• Kolbe's Reaction: Electrolysis of sodium carboxylates produces alkanes.
• Rosenmund Reaction: Acyl chlorides can be reduced to aldehydes using hydrogen and palladium on carbon catalyst. Acyl chlorides can be reduced to aldehydes using a H2 and Pd catalyst.
• Stephen Reaction: Cyanides can be reduced in the presence of tin (II) chloride to give imines.
• Etard Reaction: Using chromyl chloride converts alkyl side chains into aldehydes.
• Gattermann-Koch Reaction: Aromatic substituents from benzene rings are converted to aldehydes.
• Clemensen Reduction: Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid.
• Wolf-Kishner Reduction: Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alkanes using hydrazine and a strong base.
• Tollens Test: Identifying aldehydes by formation of a silver mirror. This test differentiates between aldehydes and ketones.
• Fehling's Test: Identifying aldehydes using a Fehling's solution. A positive result from this test differentiates aldehydes and ketones.
• Cannizzarro Reaction: Aldehydes can self-oxidize, self-reducing to produce acids and alcohols. This reaction can occur in the presence of concentrated alkali.
• Kolbe Electrolysis: Electrolysis of carboxylic acids leads to the production of alkanes.
• Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction: Amides are converted to primary amines when treated with bromine and sodium hydroxide.

Other Reactions

• Aldol Reaction: Aldehyde or ketone reactions form beta-hydroxy carbonyl compounds. This condensation reaction between carbonyl compounds. Note: Aldehydes and ketones form beta-hydroxy carbonyl compounds under basic conditions.
• Hinsberg Test: Used to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
• Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis: Primary amines can be synthesized. Primary amines are synthesized from phthalimide.
• Diazonium Coupling Reactions: Aromatic amines undergo coupling reactions. Coupling reactions involve reacting diazonium salts.
• Hoffmann Bromide Reaction: Aromatic amines are oxidized using bromine, nitrogen, and sodium hydroxide.
• Carbylamine Reaction: Primary amines can be identified by converting to isocyanides using chloroform and potassium hydroxide, or using chloroform and sodium hydroxide.

Test your knowledge on key organic reactions such as Sandmeyer's, Gattermann, and Finkelstein's reactions. This quiz covers the transformation of diazonium salts and the preparation of aryl and alkyl halides. Challenge yourself with questions designed to reinforce your understanding of these foundational organic chemistry processes.