10 Questions
In nucleophilic substitutions, alkyl halides are classified as:
Primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the number of carbon groups directly bonded to the carbon bearing the halogen atom
Which species is commonly involved as a nucleophile in substitution reactions?
Species with lone pairs of electron (fully or partially negative charge)
What makes H2O a better leaving group than HO:¯?
H2O is a weaker base
What do nucleophiles and bases have in common?
Both have a lone pair or a π bond
What are the common leaving groups in nucleophilic substitution reactions?
Br, Cl, I
In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, the leaving group departs with the electron pair in the C—X bond, forming X:¯. The leaving group's ability to accept an electron pair is influenced by its __________.
stability
What type of alkyl halide is directly bonded to a carbon atom carrying the halogen atom?
Primary (1°)
Which species is attracted to a region of positive charge and is commonly involved as a nucleophile in substitution reactions?
Anion
What differentiates nucleophiles from bases?
Type of atom they attack
What characteristic of H2O makes it a better leaving group than HO:¯?
Stability
Test your knowledge of reaction mechanisms, including nucleophilic substitutions (SN1 and SN2), elimination (E1 and E2), and the classification of alkyl halides based on the number of carbon groups directly bonded to the carbon bearing the halogen atom.
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