Types of Reactions

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What is the first step in an electrophilic addition mechanism?

The alkene is converted into a carbocation
The electrophile attracts the loosely held electrons from the pi bond of an alkene (correct)
The carbocation reacts with a nucleophile to form a sigma bond
The pi bond of the alkene is broken

What is the result of the electrophile's attraction of the pi bond electrons?

The pi bond is strengthened
The nucleophile is formed
The alkene is converted into a carbocation
The electrophile forms a sigma bond to one of the carbons (correct)

What is the role of the carbocation in an electrophilic addition mechanism?

It breaks the pi bond
It acts as an electrophile (correct)
It acts as a nucleophile
It donates electrons to the alkene

What is the rate-determining step in an electrophilic addition mechanism?

The electrophile's attraction of the pi bond electrons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for an electrophilic addition mechanism to occur?

An acidic, electron-seeking reagent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrophile in an electrophilic addition mechanism?

A Lewis acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the electrophile in an electrophilic addition mechanism?

It is electron-deficient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between the carbocation and the nucleophile?

A sigma bond is formed (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is electrophilic addition mechanism consistent with the occurrence of rearrangements?

Because the reaction involves a carbocation intermediate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for the type of reagent that is involved in an electrophilic addition mechanism?

Electrophile (B) Signup and view all the answers

In electrophilic addition, the electrophile forms a sigma bond to both carbons of the former double bond.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The electrophile is a strong nucleophile.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Electrophilic addition involves a single step.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The carbocation is a weak electrophile.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The rate of electrophilic addition is entirely controlled by the second step.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Electrophilic addition can only occur with Lowry-Bronsted acids.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The electrophile attracts the tightly held electrons from the pi bond of an alkene.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The nucleophile is a strong electrophile.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Electrophilic addition is a type of nucleophilic addition.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The reaction between the carbocation and the nucleophile results in a pi bond.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

When naming cycloalkenes, the double bond is always between C1 and C3.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Alicyclic hydrocarbons are prepared from other cyclic compounds.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Cycloalkanes undergo mainly addition reactions.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The position of the double bond in the name of a cycloalkene needs to be indicated.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Cycloalkanes undergo the same reactions as their open-chain analogs, with some exceptions.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Cycloalkenes can undergo cleavage reactions.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Alicyclic hydrocarbons are prepared from open-chain compounds.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Cycloalkanes undergo electrophilic addition reactions.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Cycloalkenes undergo free-radical substitution reactions.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

The first substituent in a cycloalkene has as high a number as possible.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are cycloalkenes named?

By numbering the cycloalkene so that the double bond is between C1 and C2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions do cycloalkanes undergo chiefly?

Free-radical substitution reactions (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are alicyclic hydrocarbons prepared?

From other cyclic compounds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions do cycloalkenes undergo?

Addition reactions, both electrophilic and free radical (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of naming cycloalkenes?

The first substituent has as low a number as possible (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do cycloalkanes react with other compounds?

They undergo the same reactions as their open-chain analogs, with some exceptions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the similarity between naming cycloalkenes and alkenes?

They are named similarly, but the double bond is between C1 and C2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the exception to the rule that cycloalkanes undergo the same reactions as their open-chain analogs?

Some cycloalkanes undergo certain very important and interesting reactions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the numbering of the cycloalkene?

The first substituent (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of naming cycloalkenes?

The double bond is between C1 and C2, and the first substituent has as low a number as possible (D) Signup and view all the answers

Electrophilic Addition Mechanism - First Step

The electrophile attracts the pi bond electrons in an alkene, forming a sigma bond with one carbon.

Electrophile in Electrophilic Addition

An electron-deficient species that attracts electron density.