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Questions and Answers
What is the product obtained from the hydroxylation of an alkene in basic conditions?
What is the product obtained from the hydroxylation of an alkene in basic conditions?
What is the name of the rule that states that in the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, H of H-X will attach to the carbon of the alkene which has a higher number of hydrogens?
What is the name of the rule that states that in the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, H of H-X will attach to the carbon of the alkene which has a higher number of hydrogens?
What is the name of the intermediate step during the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene?
What is the name of the intermediate step during the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene?
What is the product obtained from the cleavage of a double bond in acidic conditions with KMnO4?
What is the product obtained from the cleavage of a double bond in acidic conditions with KMnO4?
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What is the name of the addition reaction that produces halosubstituted alkanes in a two-step reaction with halogen acids?
What is the name of the addition reaction that produces halosubstituted alkanes in a two-step reaction with halogen acids?
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What is the product obtained from the addition of H2 to an alkene?
What is the product obtained from the addition of H2 to an alkene?
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What is the name of the electrophile produced during the electrophilic addition of bromine to an alkene?
What is the name of the electrophile produced during the electrophilic addition of bromine to an alkene?
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What is the product of hydroxylation of an alkene in basic conditions?
What is the product of hydroxylation of an alkene in basic conditions?
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What is the product of cleavage of a double bond in acidic conditions?
What is the product of cleavage of a double bond in acidic conditions?
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What is the name of the reaction where halogen acids are added to alkenes to produce halosubstituted alkanes?
What is the name of the reaction where halogen acids are added to alkenes to produce halosubstituted alkanes?
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What is the name of the intermediate step in the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene?
What is the name of the intermediate step in the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene?
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What is the product of the electrophilic addition of bromine to give a cation, followed by cyclization?
What is the product of the electrophilic addition of bromine to give a cation, followed by cyclization?
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What is the name of the rule that states that in the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, H will attach to the carbon of the alkene which has a higher number of hydrogens?
What is the name of the rule that states that in the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, H will attach to the carbon of the alkene which has a higher number of hydrogens?
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What is the name of the addition of water molecule to an alkene to produce alcohol?
What is the name of the addition of water molecule to an alkene to produce alcohol?
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Study Notes
Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
- Alkenes undergo addition reaction with halogen acids to produce halosubstituted alkanes in a two-step reaction.
- Markovnikov's Rule states that in the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, H of H-X will attach to the carbon of the alkene which has a higher number of hydrogens.
- Highly substituted carbocations are more favorable than less substituted cations during the intermediate step.
- Stability of carbocations increases with the increase of alkyl substitutions, making more substituted ones more stable due to the electron-donating effect of alkyl substituents on the positively charged carbon atom.
- Addition of water molecule to the alkene to produce alcohol is called hydration of alkenes, which requires acid catalysis and high temperature and follows Markovnikov's rule for an unsymmetrical alkene.
- Halogens (Cl2, Br2, I2) can easily be added to alkenes to yield 1,2-dihaloalkanes with the addition being exclusively trans.
- Electrophilic addition of bromine to give a cation is followed by cyclization to give a bromonium ion, which is a reactive electrophile and bromide ion is a good nucleophile.
- Addition of H2 in general is called reduction and requires Pt or Pd as powders on carbon and H2.
- Hydroxylation is the addition of OH group to each of the alkene carbons and is called oxidation, with the product being 1,2-diol (glycol) in basic conditions.
- Cleavage of double bond occurs if oxidation is carried out with KMnO4 in acidic conditions, with products of cleavage being carbonyl compounds.
- If the double bond is tetrasubstituted, two ketones will be obtained, and if one hydrogen is present on the alkene carbon, one product will be a carboxylic acid.
- If two hydrogen is present on the same alkene carbon, CO2 will be formed.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the reactions of alkenes and alkynes with this quiz! From addition reactions to hydration and oxidation, this quiz covers a range of topics including Markovnikov's Rule and the different products that can be obtained depending on the type of alkene. Whether you're studying organic chemistry or simply interested in chemical reactions, this quiz will challenge and expand your understanding of alkenes and alkynes.
