Organic Chemistry: Stereochemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe a molecule that is superimposable on its mirror image?

  • Chiral
  • Tetrahedral
  • Stereoisomer
  • Achiral (correct)

    • What is the term used to describe a carbon atom bonded to four different groups?

  • Tetrahedral center
  • Stereogenic center (correct)
  • Achiral center
  • Chiral center

    • What is the result of interchanging two groups on a tetrahedral stereogenic center?

  • It converts one enantiomer into another (correct)
  • It creates a plane of symmetry
  • It makes the molecule chiral
  • It makes the molecule achiral

    • What is the characteristic of a plane of symmetry in a molecule?

    <p>It divides the molecule into two identical halves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe molecules that are isomers differing only in the three-dimensional arrangement of substituents?

    <p>Stereoisomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe mirror images that are not superimposable?

    <p>Enantiomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of stereochemistry in organic chemistry?

    <p>Dealing with the structure of molecules in three dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between constitutional isomers and stereoisomers?

    <p>The way their atoms are connected to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of stereoisomers?

    <p>They have identical IUPAC names except for a prefix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chiral molecule?

    <p>A molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an achiral molecule?

    <p>A sock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of constitutional isomers?

    <p>They have different IUPAC names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tube in a polarimeter?

    <p>To hold the substance being examined for optical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the substance does not affect the plane of polarization?

    <p>The light transmission is still at a maximum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a tetrahedral stereogenic center?

    <p>Being bonded to four different groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that rotates the plane of polarization to the right?

    <p>Dextrorotatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules has a plane of symmetry?

    <p>CH2BrCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to indicate a rotation to the left?

    <ul> <li></li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of tetrahedral stereogenic centers required for a molecule to exist as a pair of enantiomers?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of the lenses in a polarimeter when the tube is empty?

    <p>The lenses are arranged so that they pass light vibrating in the same plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbon atoms should be omitted from consideration when looking for stereogenic centers?

    <p>sp or sp2 hybridized carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that does not affect the plane of polarization?

    <p>Optically inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to depict a tetrahedron when drawing a pair of enantiomers?

    <p>Place two bonds in the plane, one in front of the plane on a wedge, and one behind the plane on a dash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is 3-methylcyclohexene a chiral compound?

    <p>Because it has a tetrahedral stereogenic center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules can be chiral?

    <p>Molecules with no plane of symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum requirement for a molecule to be considered achiral?

    <p>The molecule has a plane of symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of interchanging two groups on a carbon atom bonded to four different groups?

    <p>The molecule becomes a different enantiomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for molecules that are isomers differing only in their three-dimensional arrangement of substituents?

    <p>Stereoisomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chiral molecules?

    <p>They are superimposable on their mirror image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between chiral and achiral molecules?

    <p>The presence or absence of a plane of symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for a molecule that has a non-superimposable mirror image?

    <p>Chiral molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of isomers always have the same functional group(s)?

    <p>Stereoisomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of constitutional isomers that differs from stereoisomers?

    <p>Different functional groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the IUPAC names of stereoisomers?

    <p>They are identical except for a prefix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of chiral molecules that is similar to hands?

    <p>They are not superimposable on their mirror images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of stereochemistry in organic chemistry?

    <p>The structure of molecules in three dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the polarimeter?

    <p>To measure the optical activity of a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the plane of polarization when a substance is optically active?

    <p>It is rotated to the right or left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the maximum amount of light reaching our eye in a polarimeter?

    <p>It indicates the correct alignment of the lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbon atom is bonded to four different groups in 3-methylcyclohexene?

    <p>C3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a substance that rotates the plane of polarization to the right?

    <p>Dextrorotatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of tetrahedral stereogenic centers required for a molecule to exist as a pair of diastereomers?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of the lenses in a polarimeter when the tube is empty and a maximum amount of light reaches our eye?

    <p>The lenses pass light vibrating in the same plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it unnecessary to examine CH2 and CH3 groups when looking for stereogenic centers?

    <p>They can never be bonded to four different groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to indicate a rotation to the right in a polarimeter?

    <ul> <li></li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to depict a tetrahedral stereogenic center when drawing a molecule?

    <p>Place two bonds in the plane, one in front of the plane on a wedge, and one behind the plane on a dash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a molecule with a plane of symmetry?

    <p>It is superimposable on its mirror image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a stereogenic center in a cyclic compound?

    <p>It must be bonded to four different groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about a meso compound?

    <p>It has superimposable mirror images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is VII not chiral?

    <p>Because it has a plane of symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a meso compound?

    <p>It always has a plane of symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you interchange two groups on a tetrahedral stereogenic center?

    <p>The molecule becomes achiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between VII and VIII?

    <p>They are superimposable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of making VIII, the mirror image of VII?

    <p>The two molecules are superimposable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a molecule with a plane of symmetry?

    <p>It is always achiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between VII and V/VI?

    <p>VII is a diastereomer of V and VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a meso compound optically inactive?

    <p>Because it has a plane of symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a meso compound in at least one of its conformations?

    <p>One half of the molecule is the mirror image of the other half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a meso compound?

    <p>It is optically inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason VII is not chiral?

    <p>It has a plane of symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a stereogenic center?

    <p>It is a carbon atom bonded to four different groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between VII and VIII?

    <p>They are superimposable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a molecule with a plane of symmetry?

    <p>It is achiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a molecule that is superimposable on its mirror image?

    <p>Achiral molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about a meso compound compared to other stereoisomers?

    <p>It is optically inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of interchanging two groups on a tetrahedral stereogenic center?

    <p>The molecule becomes achiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a diastereomer?

    <p>It is a type of stereoisomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of recognizing a meso structure?

    <p>Symmetry recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a meso compound?

    <p>It is superimposable on its mirror image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is molecule VII not chiral?

    <p>Because it has a plane of symmetry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between molecules V, VI, and VII?

    <p>They are diastereomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for a molecule to be optically active?

    <p>It must have at least one stereogenic center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a stereogenic center in a meso compound?

    <p>It has a plane of symmetry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of interchanging two groups on a tetrahedral stereogenic center in a meso compound?

    <p>The molecule remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between a meso compound and a chiral molecule?

    <p>A meso compound has a plane of symmetry, while a chiral molecule does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for a molecule to be a meso compound?

    <p>It must have a plane of symmetry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between molecule VII and its mirror image?

    <p>They are superimposable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a stereoisomer that is not a meso compound?

    <p>It is optically active.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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