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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of stereochemistry?
What is the term for molecules with the same bond order and atom connectivity, but differing in their 3D arrangement?
What is the property of a molecule being non-superimposable on its mirror image?
What is the system for describing the stereochemistry of a molecule using R and S prefixes?
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What is the ability of a chiral molecule to rotate plane-polarized light?
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What is the term for non-superimposable mirror images?
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What is the set of rules for assigning R/S notation to a molecule?
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What is the influence of stereochemistry on chemical reactions?
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Study Notes
Stereochemistry
Definition
- Stereochemistry is the study of the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules
- It deals with the spatial relationships between atoms in a molecule and the resulting properties
Stereoisomers
- Stereoisomers are molecules with the same bond order and atom connectivity, but differing in their 3D arrangement
- There are two main types of stereoisomers:
- Enantiomers: non-superimposable mirror images
- Diastereomers: non-mirror image stereoisomers
Chirality
- Chirality refers to the property of a molecule being non-superimposable on its mirror image
- A chiral molecule has a non-superimposable mirror image
- Chiral molecules can rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions (optical activity)
Stereochemical Notation
- R/S notation: a system for describing the stereochemistry of a molecule using R (rectus) and S (sinister) prefixes
- Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) rules: a set of rules for assigning R/S notation to a molecule
- Fischer projections: a way of drawing molecules to show their stereochemistry
Stereochemical Properties
- Optical activity: the ability of a chiral molecule to rotate plane-polarized light
- Stereochemical stability: the relative stability of different stereoisomers
- Stereochemical reactivity: the influence of stereochemistry on chemical reactions
Importance of Stereochemistry
- Stereochemistry plays a crucial role in many areas, including:
- Pharmaceutical development: many drugs have stereoisomers with different biological activities
- Biological systems: enzymes and other biomolecules often exhibit stereoselectivity
- Materials science: stereochemistry can influence the properties of materials
Stereochemistry
Definition
- Study of the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules
- Examines spatial relationships between atoms and resulting properties
Stereoisomers
- Molecules with same bond order and atom connectivity but differing in 3D arrangement
- Two main types: Enantiomers and Diastereomers
- Enantiomers: non-superimposable mirror images
- Diastereomers: non-mirror image stereoisomers
Chirality
- Property of a molecule being non-superimposable on its mirror image
- Chiral molecule has a non-superimposable mirror image
- Can rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions (optical activity)
Stereochemical Notation
- R/S notation: system for describing stereochemistry using R and S prefixes
- Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) rules: set of rules for assigning R/S notation
- Fischer projections: way of drawing molecules to show stereochemistry
Stereochemical Properties
- Optical activity: ability of a chiral molecule to rotate plane-polarized light
- Stereochemical stability: relative stability of different stereoisomers
- Stereochemical reactivity: influence of stereochemistry on chemical reactions
Importance of Stereochemistry
- Crucial role in pharmaceutical development: stereoisomers with different biological activities
- Importance in biological systems: enzymes and biomolecules exhibit stereoselectivity
- Influence on materials science: stereochemistry affects material properties
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Description
Test your knowledge on the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules, including stereoisomers and their properties.
