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Questions and Answers
What is the goal of the work?
What is the goal of the work?
Master the method of extracting organic matter from an aqueous solution by extraction with an organic solvent.
What organic compound is being extracted in the experiment?
What organic compound is being extracted in the experiment?
Salicylic acid (C6H4(OH)COOH)
What is the purpose of the separating funnel?
What is the purpose of the separating funnel?
To extract salicylic acid from an aqueous solution.
The equation for the coefficient of distribution between two fractions is Кg = ____________.
The equation for the coefficient of distribution between two fractions is Кg = ____________.
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Which of the following is NOT a principle for choosing an extractant?
Which of the following is NOT a principle for choosing an extractant?
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What is the desired property of the extractant concerning its density?
What is the desired property of the extractant concerning its density?
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What equipment is used for atmospheric distillation?
What equipment is used for atmospheric distillation?
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The solvent used for extraction should dissolve in water.
The solvent used for extraction should dissolve in water.
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How many extraction stages can be carried out sequentially for complete extraction?
How many extraction stages can be carried out sequentially for complete extraction?
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Study Notes
Introduction
- Organic matter extraction is crucial for analyzing various environmental samples like water, soil, and food.
- The extraction method is used to isolate organic matter from these samples.
- The experiment focuses on extracting salicylic acid, an organic compound, from an aqueous solution using a separating funnel.
- The experiment also determines the effectiveness of the extraction process.
Extraction Method
- The extraction process involves separating a substance from a mixture using a liquid solvent, known as the extractant.
- The extractant is immiscible with the original solution, allowing for the separation of the substance.
- The extracted substance is dissolved in the solvent, forming an extract.
- The remaining solution without the extracted substance is known as the raffinate.
Experiment Goal
- The experiment aims to extract salicylic acid from an aqueous solution using an immiscible organic solvent.
- It involves determining the extraction efficiency and calculating the distribution coefficient (Kg).
- The distribution coefficient (Kg) represents the ratio of the equilibrium concentrations of the extracted substance in the organic and aqueous phases.
Selecting the Extractant
- The choice of extractant depends on several factors:
- Immiscibility: The extractant should not mix with water.
- Selectivity: The extractant should selectively extract the desired substance from a mixture.
- Capacity: The extractant should have high solubility for the extracted substance.
- Density Difference: The extractant’s density should differ significantly from water for effective separation.
- Viscosity: The extractant should have low viscosity for efficient extraction.
- Cost: The extractant should be cost-effective.
- Safety: The extractant should not be explosive or hazardous.
Equipment and Reagents
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Equipment:
- Separating funnel
- Distillation flask
- Beakers
- Distillation setup
- Technical scale
- Funnel, filter paper, glass rod, pipette
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Reagents:
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Sodium chloride (NaCl)
- Organic solvents: hexane, chloroform
- Aqueous solution of salicylic acid (C6H4(OH)COOH)
Step-by-Step Procedure
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Extraction:
- Pour an aqueous solution of salicylic acid into the separating funnel.
- Add concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
- Add the chosen organic solvent to the separating funnel.
- Shake the funnel vigorously.
- Allow the layers to separate.
- Carefully drain the lower layer (extract) into a tared distillation flask.
- Repeat the extraction process as needed to maximize extraction.
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Distillation:
- Carefully remove the extract from the flask.
- Distill the extract to remove the solvent and obtain the desired product.
- Calculate the yield and determine the distribution coefficient.
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Description
This quiz covers the process of extracting salicylic acid from an aqueous solution using a separating funnel. It examines the principles of organic matter extraction and the effectiveness of the method employed. Participants will gain insights into the techniques and outcomes of this laboratory experiment.
