25 Questions
Which reagent is used for the nitration of Phenol at low temperature?
dil.HNO3
What type of reaction does phenol undergo with nitrous acid?
Diazoitization
At what temperature does nitration of Phenol occur?
298K
What is the product when phenol reacts with concentrated nitric acid and nitrous acid?
Diazonium ion
What is the role of SO2 in a reaction with Pyridine and SOCl2?
Inversion of configuration
Which reagent is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes?
[HOA]
Which reagent is used for converting alcohols to acids?
[SOA]
What is the product of the reaction of an alcohol with concentrated nitric acid and nitrous acid under specific conditions?
An aldehyde or ketone
Under which reaction condition does an alkene undergo anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr?
Peroxide in the presence of light
What reagent is used for the halogenation of alkynes?
Cl2/hv
In oxidative ozonolysis, what products are formed when a terminal alkene undergoes this reaction?
Aldehyde and ketone
Which one of the following reactions is NOT a method for preparing alkynes?
Dehydration of alcohols using H2SO4
When an alkene undergoes allylic substitution, what type of compound is typically formed?
Halide
What is the major product of the addition of HBr to propene in the presence of peroxide?
1-bromopropane
Which of the following reagents is commonly used for dehydrohalogenation reactions?
PBr3
What is the product of the oxidation of propene with dilute alkaline KMnO4?
Propionaldehyde
Which type of reaction is observed when HCl is added to an alkene following Markovnikov's rule?
Addition
In hydroboration oxidation, what is the final product formed from the reaction of propene with BH3 followed by hydrogen peroxide?
Propanol
When 2-methylpropene undergoes dehydration, what is the major product formed?
2-methyl-2-butene
What is the major product formed when 2-bromobutane undergoes dehydrohalogenation?
1,2-butadiene
Which reagent is commonly used for the dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes?
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
In the presence of which reagent does vinyl acetylene undergo halogenation?
Br2 in CCl4
What is the major organic product formed when acetylene reacts with excess HX?
1,2-dibromoethane
What is the product of the oxidative ozonolysis of a terminal alkyne?
Carboxylic acid
In the conversion of an alkyne to an alkane using reducing agents like Na/∆ or NaNH2, what is the final product produced?
Alcohol
Study Notes
Here are the study notes based on the provided text:
Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
- Chlorination: uses Cl2/Fe/FeCl3, forms Cl2 gas and FeCl3
- Nitration: uses conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4, forms NO2
- Sulphonation: uses H2S2O4/Oleum/SO3, forms SO3H
Friedel-Craft Alkylation and Acylation
- Friedel-Craft Alkylation: uses anhy. AlCl3/R–CH–CH2/HF/R–OH/H+, forms R–X
- Friedel-Craft Acylation: uses anhy. AlX5/R–C–OH, forms R–C–X and R–C=O
Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Methods of Preparation of Alcohols:
- From alkenes (dil H2SO4/H+ and H2O/H3O+)
- By reduction of carbonyl compounds (LiAlH4 and NaBH4)
- From carboxylic acid and ester (LiAlH4 and NaBH4)
- Methods of Preparation of Phenols:
- Dow’s process (Cl2 and NaOH)
- From cumene (O2 and H+)
- Methods of Preparation of Ethers:
- Dehydration of alcohols (conc. H2SO4 and H3PO4)
- Williamson ether synthesis (RX and NaOH)
Properties and Reactions of Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Acidic Nature of Alcohols:
- React with Na to form alkoxide and H2
- React with Al to form alkoxide and H2
- Esterification:
- React with carboxylic acid to form ester and H2O
- Lucas Test:
- Conc. HCl and anhy. ZnCl2, forms turbidity
- Dehydration:
- Conc. H2SO4 and H3PO4, forms alkene
- Oxidation:
- With PCC, POC, CrO3, and SOCl2, forms aldehyde or ketone
Nitration of Phenol
- With dil. HNO3 (low temperature), forms nitrophenol
- With conc. HNO3 (high temperature), forms dinitrophenol
Tests for Aldehydes and Ketones
- Tollen's Reagent (AgNO3 + NH4OH):
- Forms silver mirror
- Fehling's Solution (Cu2Cl2 + NaOH):
- Forms red precipitate
- Baeyer's Reagent (dil. alk. KMnO4):
- Forms color change
Alkynes
- Methods of Preparation of Alkynes:
- From carbides (∆C → CaO + CO2)
- From dehydrohalogenation (Alc. KOH/Alc. KOH, NaNH2/NaNH2)
- Test for Unsaturation:
- Br2/CCl4, forms colorless solution
- Kucherov Reaction:
- Adds H2O (hydration)
- Coupling Reaction:
- Linear (Cu2Cl2/NH4Cl), forms C≡C bond
- Cyclic (Red hot tube), forms C≡C bond
- Oxidative (O2), forms C≡C bond
Test your knowledge on various organic chemistry reactions including chlorination, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel Crafts alkylation, and acylation. Identify the reagents and major products formed in each reaction.
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