Organic Chemistry Reactions Quiz

A reduction reaction using zinc amalgam (Zn-Hg) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) to convert a carbonyl compound (ketone) to an alkane.

Red phosphorus (P) is used to remove iodine (I2) formed in the reaction between an alkane and iodine.

A reaction involving the treatment of a carbonyl compound with hydrazine (NH2NH2) followed by a strong base (OH-) and heat to form an alkane.

A method to determine the number of active hydrogen atoms (H-atoms) in a compound. Grignard reagent (R-Mg-X) reacts with the compound and forms an alkane, releasing an equivalent of methane gas.

A reaction between a Grignard reagent (R-Mg-X) and an alkyl halide (R'-X) to form a higher alkane.

A synthetic method for the preparation of unsymmetrical alkanes (R-R'). It involves the reaction of an alkyl halide with lithium followed by copper halide and another alkyl halide.

A reaction which combines two alkyl halides (R-X and R'-X) to form an alkane, using lithium and copper halide as catalysts.

A reaction where a Grignard reagent (R-Mg-X) reacts with a compound having active hydrogen to form an alkane.

Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are non-polar molecules, making them insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents like benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and ether.

The boiling point of alkanes increases with increasing molecular weight. This is because the intermolecular forces (Van der Waals forces) become stronger as the molecules get larger.

The boiling point of branched alkanes is lower than their straight-chain isomers. This is because branching reduces the surface area of the molecule, weakening the Van der Waals forces.

The melting point of alkanes with an even number of carbon atoms is generally higher than their odd-numbered counterparts. This is due to their ability to pack more tightly in a crystal lattice.

Alkanes can be obtained from the hydrolysis of beryllium and aluminum carbides. This reaction involves the reaction of the carbide with water to produce an alkane and a metal hydroxide.

Methyl Grignard reagents (R-Mg-X) react with various compounds to form alkanes. However, they do not react with phenols (Ph-OH), benzene (C6H6), or carboxylic acids (CH3COOH).

The process of replacing a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a nitro group (-NO2).

Nitration of alkanes is carried out at high temperatures (400-500°C) and under pressure. These conditions favor the breaking of C-H bonds, leading to the formation of nitroalkanes.

Due to the harsh conditions, the C-C bonds in alkanes can also break during nitration, resulting in a mixture of nitroalkanes.

The replacement of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H).

Sulphonation of alkanes is typically performed with fuming sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or oleum (H2S2O7).

The reactivity of different hydrogen atoms in an alkane towards sulphonation follows this order: tertiary (3°) > secondary (2°) > primary (1°).

Sulphonation is most commonly observed in higher alkanes and those with tertiary hydrogen atoms.

A type of elimination reaction where the removal of a proton (H+) and a leaving group (X) from adjacent carbon atoms occurs in a single step, with a concerted mechanism involving both the base and the substrate.

A type of elimination reaction where the removal of a proton (H+) and a leaving group (X) from adjacent carbon atoms occurs in two steps, with the formation of a carbocation intermediate.

The rate of an E1 reaction is determined by the rate of formation of the carbocation intermediate.

A reaction that involves the removal of water from an alcohol molecule, usually using an acid catalyst.

The process of adding a proton (H+) to an alcohol molecule, which increases its positive charge and weakens the C-O bond.

A species with a positive charge located on a carbon atom, formed during the E1 reaction.

A reaction where the intermediate carbocation loses a proton (H+) from a carbon atom adjacent to the positively charged carbon, leading to the formation of an alkene.

The step where a proton (H+) and a hydroxide ion (OH-) combine to form water.

A reaction where a hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom in an alkane. The reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, typically initiated by sunlight or peroxides.

A hydrogen atom is added to an alkene or alkyne via an electrophilic addition reaction. This addition occurs mainly by the Markovnikov rule, where the hydrogen atom is added to the carbon with the most hydrogen atoms already attached.

A process that adds a halogen atom to an alkene or alkyne by forming a carbocation intermediate. The halogen atom adds preferentially to the carbon with more alkyl substituents.

The addition of water to an alkene or alkyne using a catalyst such as mercury(II) sulfate and sulfuric acid. This reaction typically follows the Markovnikov rule to form an alcohol.

The reaction between a ketone or aldehyde with a Grignard reagent to form an alcohol. This reaction adds a carbon chain onto the carbonyl group of the ketone or aldehyde.

A reaction where a halogen is added to an alkene or alkyne in the presence of peroxides. This reaction proceeds anti-Markovnikov, meaning the halogen atom is added to the carbon with fewer hydrogen atoms already attached.

The addition of hydrogen atoms (H) to a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) in a specific manner, where one H atom comes from BH3 and the other from H2O/H, following the Markovnikov's rule.

An addition reaction where a mercuric acetate (Hg(OAc)2) in water is treated with an alkene, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous NaOH to yield an alcohol. This process follows the Markovnikov's rule.

The addition of a reagent across a double bond in a way that the two parts of the reagent add to the same side of the double bond.

A chemical reaction where electrons are added to a molecule, leading to a decrease in the oxidation state of the reacting species. This can involve adding hydrogen atoms or removing oxygen atoms.

A rule that states that in the addition of a protic acid (HX) to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen atom (H) of HX adds to the carbon atom of the double bond that already has the greater number of hydrogen atoms.

A cyclic cation intermediate forms during the oxymercuration reaction, preventing any rearrangement of the carbon skeleton.

The electrophilic species in the oxymercuration reaction is formed from the reaction between mercuric acetate and water.

The process of replacing the mercury (Hg) atom in the oxymercuration intermediate with a hydrogen atom (H) to form the final product.