Organic Chemistry: Reactions & Biomolecules

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Questions and Answers

What is meant by condensation reaction?

It is a reaction between two or more molecule and releases water molecule as a product. (correct)

It is a reaction between five molecules, forming a smaller and same molecule.

It is commonly observed during biological processes such as production of protein.

It is an exothermic process, wherein the end-product is always carbon dioxide and water.

Which of the following steps are included in preparing an aldehyde? I. Reduction of esters II. Oxidation of alcohols III. Hydration of alkenes IV. Oxidation of aldehydes

I and II

III and IV

II and III (correct)

I and IV

Why are nucleic acids considered as the most important of all biomolecules?

It is built up of the linear polymers of amino acids.

The encoded information is contained and conveyed via the nucleic acid sequence.

They are found in abundance in all living things and function to transmit and express information inside and outside the cell nucleus. (correct)

The term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA and RNA.

What are the features that makes an aldehyde and ketone similar with each other?

They are polar, both consists of double bond between carbon and oxygen and has any hydrocarbon group attached to carbon. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an ester?

Esters have the general formula R‘-COOR. They are used in the production of perfumes and as flavoring agents. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by structural isomerism?

Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different properties. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes addition reaction?

It takes place to a hydrocarbon with multiple bonds (those who have single and double bonds) and components A and B are added to the bonds being broken. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would form a polyester after their reaction?

Dicarboxylic acid and dialcohols Signup and view all the answers

What are the basis used in classifying polymers?

Polymers are classified based on source and structure. Signup and view all the answers

When linear chains of a polymer form branch, then, such polymers are categorized as branched chain polymers. What is the effect of these branches?

Low melting point Signup and view all the answers

Polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, called monomers, that are covalently bonded together. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about linear polymers?

The arrangement of the pendant atoms/groups attached to the backbone gives different properties to the polymer. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of functional group isomerism?

Ethanol and Dimethyl ether Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following set of polymers exhibits similar properties?

polyethylene, PVC, polystyrene, and polyamides Signup and view all the answers

How are disaccharides similar to monosaccharides?

These are made up of two monosaccharides joined together by a combustion reaction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of a lipid?

In the fatty acid chains, the carbon atoms could have double bonds between them making the lipid "unsaturated". This generates fats that are usually liquid at room temperature. Signup and view all the answers

How do we prepare selected organic compounds?

They are prepared through organic synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a carboxyl functional group?

A double bond between C and O, and OH attached to C. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cross-linked polymers?

In this type of polymers, monomers are linked together to form a three-dimensional network. These polymers are brittle and hard. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the common function/s of protein?

Antibodies, provides support to connective tissues, and facilitate biochemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Condensation Reaction

Commonly observed in biological processes like protein production
Involves two or more molecules reacting, releasing a water molecule
Not always carbon dioxide and water as a product

Preparing Aldehydes

Steps involved:
- Oxidation of alcohols
- Oxidation of aldehydes

Nucleic Acids

Crucial biomolecules
Found in all living things
Function in transmitting and expressing information within and outside the cell nucleus
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids

Similarities Between Aldehydes and Ketones

Both polar molecules
Possess a carbonyl group (C=O)
Hydrocarbon group attached to the carbonyl carbon

Esters

General formula: R'-COOR
Used in perfumes and flavorings

Structural Isomerism

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures
Result in different properties

Addition Reaction

Involves adding components to a molecule with multiple bonds (e.g., double or triple bonds)
Components are added to the multiple bonds

Polymers

Classified based on source, structure, and functionality
Polymers form from a reaction of monomers

Ethers

Contain the R-O-R' linkage (or C-O-C')
Slightly polar, somewhat soluble in water
Flammable

Branched Chain Polymers

Linear chains of a polymer form branches
This affects the properties of the polymer:
- Lower density (less mass)
- Lower melting point
- Lower thermal conductivity

Linear Polymers

Chain-like structure of repeating monomers
Properties affected by pendant atom arrangement

Functional Group Isomerism

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional groups
Examples: propanal, propanone; propanoic acid, ethyl methanoate

Disaccharides

Formed by joining two or more monosaccharides via a condensation reaction

Lipids

Fatty acid chains can have single bonds (saturated) or double bonds (unsaturated)
Saturated lipids are typically solid at room temperature
Unsaturated lipids are typically liquid at room temperature

Organic Compound Preparation

Common method involves organic synthesis

Carboxyl Functional Group

Contains a C=O bond and an -OH group attached to the carbon atom

Cross-Linked Polymers

Form a three-dimensional network
Brittle and hard

Protein Functions

Involved in:
- Body movement (muscle contraction)
- Supporting connective tissues
- Coordinating body functions
- Storing amino acids

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Description

Explore various organic chemistry concepts such as condensation reactions, aldehyde preparation, and the significance of nucleic acids. This quiz delves into similarities between aldehydes and ketones, as well as structural isomerism and addition reactions. Test your knowledge and understanding of these essential topics in organic chemistry.