Organic Chemistry: Reactions & Biomolecules

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Questions and Answers

What is meant by condensation reaction?

  • It is a reaction between two or more molecule and releases water molecule as a product. (correct)
  • It is a reaction between five molecules, forming a smaller and same molecule.
  • It is commonly observed during biological processes such as production of protein.
  • It is an exothermic process, wherein the end-product is always carbon dioxide and water.

Which of the following steps are included in preparing an aldehyde? I. Reduction of esters II. Oxidation of alcohols III. Hydration of alkenes IV. Oxidation of aldehydes

  • I and II
  • III and IV
  • II and III (correct)
  • I and IV

Why are nucleic acids considered as the most important of all biomolecules?

  • It is built up of the linear polymers of amino acids.
  • The encoded information is contained and conveyed via the nucleic acid sequence.
  • They are found in abundance in all living things and function to transmit and express information inside and outside the cell nucleus. (correct)
  • The term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA and RNA.

What are the features that makes an aldehyde and ketone similar with each other?

<p>They are polar, both consists of double bond between carbon and oxygen and has any hydrocarbon group attached to carbon. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an ester?

<p>Esters have the general formula R‘-COOR. They are used in the production of perfumes and as flavoring agents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by structural isomerism?

<p>Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes addition reaction?

<p>It takes place to a hydrocarbon with multiple bonds (those who have single and double bonds) and components A and B are added to the bonds being broken. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would form a polyester after their reaction?

<p>Dicarboxylic acid and dialcohols (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basis used in classifying polymers?

<p>Polymers are classified based on source and structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When linear chains of a polymer form branch, then, such polymers are categorized as branched chain polymers. What is the effect of these branches?

<p>Low melting point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, called monomers, that are covalently bonded together. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about linear polymers?

<p>The arrangement of the pendant atoms/groups attached to the backbone gives different properties to the polymer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of functional group isomerism?

<p>Ethanol and Dimethyl ether (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following set of polymers exhibits similar properties?

<p>polyethylene, PVC, polystyrene, and polyamides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are disaccharides similar to monosaccharides?

<p>These are made up of two monosaccharides joined together by a combustion reaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of a lipid?

<p>In the fatty acid chains, the carbon atoms could have double bonds between them making the lipid &quot;unsaturated&quot;. This generates fats that are usually liquid at room temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we prepare selected organic compounds?

<p>They are prepared through organic synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a carboxyl functional group?

<p>A double bond between C and O, and OH attached to C. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cross-linked polymers?

<p>In this type of polymers, monomers are linked together to form a three-dimensional network. These polymers are brittle and hard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the common function/s of protein?

<p>Antibodies, provides support to connective tissues, and facilitate biochemical reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Condensation Reaction

A reaction between two or more molecules that releases a water molecule as a product.

Preparing Aldehydes

Methods include reduction of esters and oxidation of alcohols.

Nucleic Acids Importance

They transmit and express information within and outside the cell nucleus.

Similarities between Aldehydes and Ketones

Both are polar molecules with a carbonyl group (C=O).

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Ester Formula

R'-COOR

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Structural Isomerism

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.

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Addition Reaction

A reaction where atoms are added to a molecule with multiple bonds.

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Polyester Formation

From dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols.

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Polymer Classification

Based on source, structure, and functionality.

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Ether Structure

R-O-R' linkage, where R and R' are hydrocarbon groups.

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Branched Chain Polymers

Linear chains with branches.

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Linear Polymers

Long, chain-like molecules with repeating units.

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Functional Group Isomerism

Compounds with the same formula but different functional groups.

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Lipid Structure

Fatty acid chains with single or double bonds, influencing if it's solid or liquid at room temp.

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Organic Compound Preparation

Done through organic synthesis.

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Carboxyl Functional Group

Consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the same carbon.

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Cross-linked Polymers

Monomers linked in a three-dimensional network.

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Protein Function

Structures, support, catalysis, and more.

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Disaccharide and Monosaccharide Similarity

Both built from monosaccharides joined by condensation reactions.

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Linear Polymers properties

Properties often include low freezing points, and that the pendant atoms effect overall properties.

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Study Notes

Condensation Reaction

  • Commonly observed in biological processes like protein production
  • Involves two or more molecules reacting, releasing a water molecule
  • Not always carbon dioxide and water as a product

Preparing Aldehydes

  • Steps involved:
    • Oxidation of alcohols
    • Oxidation of aldehydes

Nucleic Acids

  • Crucial biomolecules
  • Found in all living things
  • Function in transmitting and expressing information within and outside the cell nucleus
  • DNA and RNA are nucleic acids

Similarities Between Aldehydes and Ketones

  • Both polar molecules
  • Possess a carbonyl group (C=O)
  • Hydrocarbon group attached to the carbonyl carbon

Esters

  • General formula: R'-COOR
  • Used in perfumes and flavorings

Structural Isomerism

  • Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures
  • Result in different properties

Addition Reaction

  • Involves adding components to a molecule with multiple bonds (e.g., double or triple bonds)
  • Components are added to the multiple bonds

Polymers

  • Classified based on source, structure, and functionality
  • Polymers form from a reaction of monomers

Ethers

  • Contain the R-O-R' linkage (or C-O-C')
  • Slightly polar, somewhat soluble in water
  • Flammable

Branched Chain Polymers

  • Linear chains of a polymer form branches
  • This affects the properties of the polymer:
    • Lower density (less mass)
    • Lower melting point
    • Lower thermal conductivity

Linear Polymers

  • Chain-like structure of repeating monomers
  • Properties affected by pendant atom arrangement

Functional Group Isomerism

  • Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional groups
  • Examples: propanal, propanone; propanoic acid, ethyl methanoate

Disaccharides

  • Formed by joining two or more monosaccharides via a condensation reaction

Lipids

  • Fatty acid chains can have single bonds (saturated) or double bonds (unsaturated)
  • Saturated lipids are typically solid at room temperature
  • Unsaturated lipids are typically liquid at room temperature

Organic Compound Preparation

  • Common method involves organic synthesis

Carboxyl Functional Group

  • Contains a C=O bond and an -OH group attached to the carbon atom

Cross-Linked Polymers

  • Form a three-dimensional network
  • Brittle and hard

Protein Functions

  • Involved in:
    • Body movement (muscle contraction)
    • Supporting connective tissues
    • Coordinating body functions
    • Storing amino acids

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