Organic Chemistry: Polymers and DNA

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of reaction is used to create poly(ethene) from ethene?

  • Esterification
  • Addition polymerisation (correct)
  • Hydrolysis
  • Condensation polymerisation

In addition polymerisation, the repeat unit in the polymer has a different set of atoms compared to the original monomer.

False (B)

What small molecule is typically lost during condensation polymerisation?

water

Polypeptides are produced when amino acids react by condensation polymerisation, forming chains via ______ bonds.

<p>peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following naturally occurring polymers with their corresponding monomer:

<p>Proteins = Amino acid Starch = Glucose Cellulose = Glucose DNA = Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional groups must be present on two different monomers to produce a polyester through condensation polymerisation?

<p>Carboxylic acid and Alcohol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA?

<p>To encode genetic instructions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA molecules typically consist of a single polymer chain arranged in a helix.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a condensation polymerisation reaction involving two different monomers, one with two amine groups and the other with two carboxylic acid groups. What type of polymer would result from this reaction, and what small molecule would be eliminated?

<p>Polyamide, Water ($H_2O$) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature of alkenes allows them to undergo addition polymerisation, and why is this feature essential for the reaction?

<p>double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Addition polymerisation

A process where many monomers join to form a large polymer without losing any atoms.

Monomer

A small molecule that links together to form a polymer.

Polymer

A large chain-like molecule made from many repeating monomer units.

Repeat unit

The specific arrangement of atoms in a polymer that is identical to the monomer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Condensation polymerisation

A reaction where monomers join by losing small molecules, like water, to form a polymer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Amino acids

Organic compounds that serve as monomers for proteins, having both amine and carboxylic acid groups.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polypeptides

Chains of amino acids formed by condensation polymerisation, leading to proteins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DNA

A large molecule forming the genetic blueprint of life, made of nucleotide monomers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleotides

Monomers that make up DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and base.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Naturally occurring polymers

Polymers that occur naturally, like proteins (from amino acids) and cellulose (from glucose).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Organic Chemistry: Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Polymers

  • Addition Polymerisation: Alkenes form polymers like poly(ethene) and poly(propene) through addition polymerisation. This process joins many small molecules (monomers) to create large molecules (polymers). The repeat unit in the polymer has the same atoms as the monomer.

  • Condensation Polymerisation: Monomers with two functional groups join together, often releasing a small molecule like water. This is called condensation. Simplest polymers are formed from two different monomers with identical functional groups on each monomer. Examples include Polyesters, formed from monomers with carboxylic acid and alcohol functional groups, and polypeptides (which form proteins) from amino acids.

DNA and other Naturally Occurring Polymers

  • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): A large molecule vital for life, encoding genetic instructions. It's a double helix formed from four different monomers called nucleotides.

  • Other Naturally Occurring Polymers:

    • Proteins are formed from amino acid monomers.
    • Starch and cellulose are formed from glucose monomers.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

AQA GCSE Chemistry - Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Polymers PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser