Organic Chemistry: Polymers and DNA
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Questions and Answers

What type of reaction is used to create poly(ethene) from ethene?

  • Esterification
  • Addition polymerisation (correct)
  • Hydrolysis
  • Condensation polymerisation

    • In addition polymerisation, the repeat unit in the polymer has a different set of atoms compared to the original monomer.

    False (B)

    What small molecule is typically lost during condensation polymerisation?

    water

    Polypeptides are produced when amino acids react by condensation polymerisation, forming chains via ______ bonds.

    <p>peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following naturally occurring polymers with their corresponding monomer:

    <p>Proteins = Amino acid Starch = Glucose Cellulose = Glucose DNA = Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional groups must be present on two different monomers to produce a polyester through condensation polymerisation?

    <p>Carboxylic acid and Alcohol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA?

    <p>To encode genetic instructions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA molecules typically consist of a single polymer chain arranged in a helix.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consider a condensation polymerisation reaction involving two different monomers, one with two amine groups and the other with two carboxylic acid groups. What type of polymer would result from this reaction, and what small molecule would be eliminated?

    <p>Polyamide, Water ($H_2O$) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature of alkenes allows them to undergo addition polymerisation, and why is this feature essential for the reaction?

    <p>double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Addition polymerisation

    A process where many monomers join to form a large polymer without losing any atoms.

    Monomer

    A small molecule that links together to form a polymer.

    Polymer

    A large chain-like molecule made from many repeating monomer units.

    Repeat unit

    The specific arrangement of atoms in a polymer that is identical to the monomer.

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    Condensation polymerisation

    A reaction where monomers join by losing small molecules, like water, to form a polymer.

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    Amino acids

    Organic compounds that serve as monomers for proteins, having both amine and carboxylic acid groups.

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    Polypeptides

    Chains of amino acids formed by condensation polymerisation, leading to proteins.

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    DNA

    A large molecule forming the genetic blueprint of life, made of nucleotide monomers.

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    Nucleotides

    Monomers that make up DNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and base.

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    Naturally occurring polymers

    Polymers that occur naturally, like proteins (from amino acids) and cellulose (from glucose).

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    Study Notes

    Organic Chemistry: Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Polymers

    • Addition Polymerisation: Alkenes form polymers like poly(ethene) and poly(propene) through addition polymerisation. This process joins many small molecules (monomers) to create large molecules (polymers). The repeat unit in the polymer has the same atoms as the monomer.

    • Condensation Polymerisation: Monomers with two functional groups join together, often releasing a small molecule like water. This is called condensation. Simplest polymers are formed from two different monomers with identical functional groups on each monomer. Examples include Polyesters, formed from monomers with carboxylic acid and alcohol functional groups, and polypeptides (which form proteins) from amino acids.

    DNA and other Naturally Occurring Polymers

    • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): A large molecule vital for life, encoding genetic instructions. It's a double helix formed from four different monomers called nucleotides.

    • Other Naturally Occurring Polymers:

      • Proteins are formed from amino acid monomers.
      • Starch and cellulose are formed from glucose monomers.

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    AQA GCSE Chemistry - Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Polymers PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of synthetic and naturally occurring polymers in this quiz. Learn about addition and condensation polymerization processes, and discover the structure of DNA and other essential biological polymers. Test your understanding of the key concepts in organic chemistry!

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