Questions and Answers
What is Organic Chemistry?
What are Saturated Hydrocarbons?
Compounds that contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds.
What are Unsaturated Hydrocarbons?
Compounds that contain carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds.
What is the chemical element that has four electrons to share?
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What is a Hydrocarbon Molecule?
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What is a Substituted Hydrocarbon?
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What defines an Aliphatic Hydrocarbon?
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What distinguishes an Aromatic Hydrocarbon?
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What is Benzene?
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What is the general formula for Alkanes?
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What is the general formula for Cycloalkanes?
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What is Structural Isomerism?
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What is Cis-trans Isomerism?
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What defines an Alkane?
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What defines an Alkene?
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What defines an Alkyne?
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What is a Functional Group?
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What are Alcohols?
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What are Carboxylic Acids?
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What are Esters?
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What is the nomenclature for the alcohol group in an ester?
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What is the nomenclature for the acid group in an ester?
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What are Aldehydes?
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What are Ketones?
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What are Ethers?
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What are Amines?
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What are Amides?
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What is the prefix for one carbon?
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What is the prefix for two carbons?
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What is the prefix for three carbons?
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What is the prefix for four carbons?
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What is the prefix for five carbons?
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What is the prefix for six carbons?
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What is the prefix for seven carbons?
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What is the prefix for eight carbons?
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What is the prefix for nine carbons?
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What is the prefix for ten carbons?
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Study Notes
Organic Chemistry Overview
- Organic Chemistry studies carbon compounds, including those not related to life.
Hydrocarbons
- Saturated Hydrocarbon: Contains only carbon-to-carbon single bonds; most chemically inert.
- Unsaturated Hydrocarbon: Contains carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds.
Carbon and Hydrocarbon Types
- Carbon: Capable of sharing four electrons for stability.
- Hydrocarbon Molecule: Composed solely of carbon and hydrogen; classified into aliphatic and aromatic.
- Substituted Hydrocarbon: Hydrogen atoms replaced by functional groups.
Hydrocarbon Classifications
- Aliphatic Hydrocarbon: Saturated, no benzene, only carbon and maximum hydrogen.
- Aromatic Hydrocarbon: Contains at least one benzene ring.
Benzene Structure
- Benzene: A ring of six carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds.
Hydrocarbon Types with Formulas
- Alkanes: General formula CnH2n+2; saturated hydrocarbons derived from methane.
- Cycloalkanes: General formula CnH2n; cyclic saturated hydrocarbons.
Isomerism
- Structural Isomerism: Identical molecular formulas but differing structures.
- Cis-trans Isomerism: Geometric isomers differing in 3D arrangement due to restricted rotation.
Functional Groups and Nomenclature
- Functional Group: Specific atom/group responsible for a molecule's chemical and physical properties; 10 total recognized.
- Alcohols: Contain hydroxyl group (R-OH); suffix "-ol".
- Carboxylic Acids: Contain carboxyl group; suffix "-oic acid".
- Esters: Formed from carboxylic acid and alcohol; suffix "-oate".
- Aldehydes: Two hydrogen atoms replaced by carbonyl group; suffix "-al".
- Ketones: Carbonyl group attached to two organic radicals; suffix "-one".
- Ethers: Two alkyl groups connected to the same oxygen; noted as R-O-R.
- Amines: Derived from ammonia; prefix "amino-".
- Amides: Contain a carbonyl-nitrogen bond formed from carboxylic acids and amines.
Carbon Prefixes
- Meth-: 1 carbon
- Eth-: 2 carbons
- Prop-: 3 carbons
- But-: 4 carbons
- Pent-: 5 carbons
- Hex-: 6 carbons
- Hept-: 7 carbons
- Oct-: 8 carbons
- Non-: 9 carbons
- Dec-: 10 carbons
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Description
This quiz provides a comprehensive overview of Organic Chemistry, focusing on the study of carbon compounds, including hydrocarbons. It explores the distinctions between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, their classifications, and the structure of benzene. Test your knowledge on the types and formulas of hydrocarbons.