Organic Chemistry Overview and Naming
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Questions and Answers

What is produced when ethene reacts with bromine?

  • Ethanol
  • Polyethene
  • Brine
  • 1,2-dibromoethane (correct)

    • What conditions facilitate the hydration of alkenes to produce alcohols?

  • High temperature and low pressure
  • High temperature and high pressure with phosphoric (V) acid (correct)
  • Room temperature and atmospheric pressure
  • Low temperature and low pressure

    • Which type of reaction involves alkenes combining to form long molecules?

  • Addition polymerisation (correct)
  • Decomposition reaction
  • Addition reaction
  • Substitution reaction

    • What is the role of phosphoric (V) acid in the hydration of alkenes?

    <p>It acts as a catalyst (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for ethene?

    <p>C2H4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the catalytic addition of steam to ethene?

    <p>Ethanol and carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of glucose?

    <p>Yeast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the solubility of alcohols as the number of carbon atoms in the molecule increases?

    <p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a use of ethanol?

    <p>In plastic production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alcohol has the molecular formula C3H7OH?

    <p>Propanol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on the boiling point of alcohols as the carbon chain length increases?

    <p>Boiling point increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the fermentation of glucose?

    <p>It produces ethanol and carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural formula of methanol?

    <p>H3C-OH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carboxylic acid has the highest boiling point?

    <p>Butanoic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

    <p>Sodium acetate and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of acid are carboxylic acids classified as?

    <p>Weak acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is used to produce an ester from a carboxylic acid?

    <p>Esterification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of concentrated sulfuric acid in the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol?

    <p>As a catalyst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about carboxylic acids is incorrect?

    <p>They completely ionize in solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When carboxylic acids react with carbonates, what gas is released?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carboxylic acids has the lowest boiling point?

    <p>Methanoic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction do alkenes primarily undergo?

    <p>Addition reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the reactivity of alkanes?

    <p>They are generally unreactive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the flammability of alkenes compare to that of alkanes?

    <p>Alkenes produce a smokier flame. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature do alcohols possess?

    <p>Hydroxyl group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alcohols?

    <p>C_nH_2n+1OH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction do alkanes undergo with aqueous bromine?

    <p>No reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about polymerisation is true?

    <p>Alkenes can undergo polymerisation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates alkanes from alkenes in terms of molecular structure?

    <p>Alkanes contain single bonds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has a boiling point of 97°C?

    <p>Propanol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when ethanol undergoes combustion?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water vapour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of the complete oxidation of a primary alcohol?

    <p>Carboxylic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alcohol is slightly soluble in water?

    <p>Butanol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reagents are needed for the oxidation of ethanol?

    <p>Oxygen and heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solubility of methanol in water?

    <p>Very soluble (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the physical state of alcohols at room temperature?

    <p>All alcohols are liquids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alcohol has the highest boiling point according to the provided data?

    <p>Butanol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecular formula corresponds to butene?

    <p>C4H8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural formula represents propene?

    <p>H H H C C C H H (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boiling point of methylpropene?

    <p>-6.9 ᵒC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What state are ethene, propene, and butene at room temperature?

    <p>Gases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of butene?

    <p>Linear structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct molecular formula for ethene?

    <p>C2H4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural formula depicts the correct arrangement of carbon atoms in butene?

    <p>H H C C C C H H H (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between butene and methylpropene?

    <p>Methylpropene is a branched-chain version of butene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular formula for propene?

    <p>C3H6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor distinguishes straight-chain alkenes from branched-chain alkenes?

    <p>Arrangement of carbon atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organic Chemistry Overview

    • Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds.
    • Organic compounds can be naturally occurring (e.g., proteins, glucose) or synthetic (e.g., plastics, detergents, medicines).
    • Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen.
    • Other elements, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, can also be present in organic compounds.

    Homologous Series

    • A homologous series is a family of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.
    • Alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids are examples of homologous series.

    Functional Groups

    • A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that gives a molecule its characteristic properties.
    • Alkanes do not have functional groups; they only have C-C and C-H bonds.
    • Alkenes contain carbon-carbon double bonds.
    • Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group (-OH).
    • Carboxylic acids contain a carboxyl group (-COOH).

    Naming Organic Compounds

    • The names of organic compounds are made of two parts:
      • A prefix, which indicates the number of carbon atoms.
        • Examples: Meth-, Eth-, Prop-, But-.
      • A suffix, which indicates the homologous series the compound belongs to.
        • Examples: -ane (alkane), -ene (alkene), -ol (alcohol), -oic acid (carboxylic acid).

    Alkanes

    • Alkanes are a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons.
    • They only contain carbon-carbon single bonds.
    • The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms.
    • Examples: Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), Propane (C3H8), Butane (C4H10).
    • Properties include low melting and boiling points, insolubility in water, and solubility in organic solvents.
    • Melting and boiling points increase as the number of carbon atoms increases.

    Alkenes

    • Alkenes are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
    • They contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
    • The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n, where n is the number of carbon atoms.
    • Examples: Ethene (C2H4), Propene (C3H6), Butene (C4H8).
    • Properties include being gases at room temperature, boiling points increase as the number of carbon atoms increases, and they undergo addition reactions.

    Alcohols

    • Alcohols are a homologous series of organic compounds containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).
    • The general formula for alcohols is CnH2n+1OH, where n is the number of carbon atoms.
    • Examples: Methanol (CH3OH), Ethanol (C2H5OH), Propanol (C3H7OH), Butanol (C4H9OH).
    • Properties include varying solubility in water (decreasing as the number of carbon atoms increases), increasing boiling points as the number of carbon atoms increases.

    Carboxylic Acids

    • Carboxylic acids are a homologous series of organic acids containing a carboxyl functional group (-COOH).
    • The general formula for carboxylic acids is CnH2n+1COOH, where n is the number of carbon atoms.
    • Examples: Methanoic acid (HCOOH), Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), Propanoic acid (C2H5COOH), Butanoic acid (C3H7COOH).
    • Properties include being weak acids, increasing boiling points as the number of carbon atoms increases, and being soluble in water.
    • Carboxylic acids can be produced by oxidizing alcohols.

    Addition Reactions

    • Addition reactions involve adding atoms or groups of atoms to a molecule.
    • Alkenes and some other unsaturated organic compounds undergo addition reactions readily.

    Esterification

    • Carboxylic acids and alcohols react with a catalyst to form esters and water. Esters are used extensively in perfumes and flavorings.

    Isomerism

    • Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas, resulting in different physical properties (e.g., melting point, boiling point).
    • Alkanes can have structural isomers.

    Complete Combustion of Alkanes and Alkenes

    • Both groups produce carbon dioxide and water when burnt in excess oxygen.

    Questions

    • Some questions regarding the structures, properties, and reactions of organic compounds are included in the slides.

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    Organic Chemistry L11 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of organic chemistry, including the definition of organic compounds and their classifications. It dives into homologous series, functional groups, and the naming conventions of organic molecules. Test your knowledge of these essential concepts in organic chemistry.

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