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Questions and Answers
What is the defining characteristic of a homologous series?
What is the defining characteristic of a homologous series?
Which functional group is associated with alcohols?
Which functional group is associated with alcohols?
What general formula represents alkenes?
What general formula represents alkenes?
How do the physical properties of compounds in a homologous series generally behave?
How do the physical properties of compounds in a homologous series generally behave?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a functional group?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a functional group?
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Which compound is associated with the suffix ‘-one’?
Which compound is associated with the suffix ‘-one’?
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What is the general formula for alkanes?
What is the general formula for alkanes?
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Which compound is a haloalkane with the IUPAC name 'Chloromethane'?
Which compound is a haloalkane with the IUPAC name 'Chloromethane'?
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Which of the following is a property shared by all members of a homologous series?
Which of the following is a property shared by all members of a homologous series?
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Each member of a homologous series differs from the preceding one by a CH2 group.
Each member of a homologous series differs from the preceding one by a CH2 group.
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What is the significance of a homologous series in organic chemistry?
What is the significance of a homologous series in organic chemistry?
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A compound containing a carboxyl functional group is classified as a _______.
A compound containing a carboxyl functional group is classified as a _______.
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Match each general formula with its corresponding organic compound suffix and example:
Match each general formula with its corresponding organic compound suffix and example:
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Which of the following statements about functional groups is correct?
Which of the following statements about functional groups is correct?
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Ethers are characterized by the functional group -OH.
Ethers are characterized by the functional group -OH.
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Study Notes
Homologous Series
- A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with similar structures and chemical properties.
- Successive compounds differ by a CH₂ group.
- Each member differs from the preceding member by adding a CH₂ group and 14 atomic mass units (amu).
- All members share a general formula (e.g., alkanes: CnH2n+2; alkenes: CnH2n).
- Physical properties show gradation with increasing molecular mass.
- Chemical properties also show gradient similarities.
- Members can be prepared by similar methods (e.g., alcohols from alkyl halides).
- The series allows for systematic study of organic compounds.
- Properties of the first few members predict properties of others in the series.
Functional Groups
- Functional groups are atoms or groups of atoms that define the structure and properties of organic compounds.
- Compounds with the same functional group react similarly in tests.
- Physical and chemical properties vary depending on the different functional groups.
- Each functional group has a homologous series of related compounds.
Examples of Functional Groups
| Functional Group | General Formula | Type of Organic Compound | Suffix | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halide (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I) | R–X | Haloalkanes | ane | CH₃Cl (Methyl chloride, Chloromethane) |
| Hydroxyl | R–OH | Alcohols | ol | C₂H₅OH (Ethyl alcohol, Ethanol) |
| Aldehyde | R–CHO | Aldehydes | al | CH₃CHO (Acetaldehyde, Ethanal) |
| Carboxyl | R–COOH | Carboxylic acids | oic acid | CH₃CH₂COOH (Propionic acid, Propanoic acid) |
| Keto | Ketones | one | CH₃COC₂H₅ (Diethyl ketone, Pentanone) | |
| Ether | R–O–R′ | Ethers | oxy | CH₃–O–C₂H₅ (Ethyl methyl ether, Methoxy ethane) |
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Description
Explore the concept of homologous series where organic compounds display similar structures and properties. Learn how functional groups influence the reactivity and characteristics of these compounds, providing a systematic approach to studying organic chemistry.
