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Questions and Answers
What is the defining characteristic of a homologous series?
What is the defining characteristic of a homologous series?
- Each member differs by a CH group.
- Each member has identical physical properties.
- Each member has the same chemical properties.
- Each member differs by a CH2 group and 14 amu. (correct)
Which functional group is associated with alcohols?
Which functional group is associated with alcohols?
- -COOH
- -CHO
- -O-
- -OH (correct)
What general formula represents alkenes?
What general formula represents alkenes?
- C_nH_{2n} (correct)
- C_nH_{2n-2}
- C_nH_{n+2}
- C_nH_{2n+2}
How do the physical properties of compounds in a homologous series generally behave?
How do the physical properties of compounds in a homologous series generally behave?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a functional group?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a functional group?
Which compound is associated with the suffix ‘-one’?
Which compound is associated with the suffix ‘-one’?
What is the general formula for alkanes?
What is the general formula for alkanes?
Which compound is a haloalkane with the IUPAC name 'Chloromethane'?
Which compound is a haloalkane with the IUPAC name 'Chloromethane'?
Which of the following is a property shared by all members of a homologous series?
Which of the following is a property shared by all members of a homologous series?
Each member of a homologous series differs from the preceding one by a CH2 group.
Each member of a homologous series differs from the preceding one by a CH2 group.
What is the significance of a homologous series in organic chemistry?
What is the significance of a homologous series in organic chemistry?
A compound containing a carboxyl functional group is classified as a _______.
A compound containing a carboxyl functional group is classified as a _______.
Match each general formula with its corresponding organic compound suffix and example:
Match each general formula with its corresponding organic compound suffix and example:
Which of the following statements about functional groups is correct?
Which of the following statements about functional groups is correct?
Ethers are characterized by the functional group -OH.
Ethers are characterized by the functional group -OH.
Flashcards
Homologous Series
Homologous Series
A group of organic compounds with similar structures and properties. Successive compounds differ by a CH2 group.
CH2 Group
CH2 Group
A fundamental unit used to systematically differentiate compounds in a homologous series.
Functional Group
Functional Group
An atom or group of atoms that gives a family of organic compounds its characteristic properties.
Alkane General Formula
Alkane General Formula
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Alcohol Functional Group
Alcohol Functional Group
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Physical Property Gradient in Homologous Series
Physical Property Gradient in Homologous Series
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Aldehyde Functional Group
Aldehyde Functional Group
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Significance of Homologous Series
Significance of Homologous Series
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What distinguishes members of a homologous series?
What distinguishes members of a homologous series?
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General Formula
General Formula
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Common Name vs. IUPAC Name
Common Name vs. IUPAC Name
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Halide Functional Group
Halide Functional Group
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Study Notes
Homologous Series
- A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with similar structures and chemical properties.
- Successive compounds differ by a CHâ‚‚ group.
- Each member differs from the preceding member by adding a CHâ‚‚ group and 14 atomic mass units (amu).
- All members share a general formula (e.g., alkanes: CnH2n+2; alkenes: CnH2n).
- Physical properties show gradation with increasing molecular mass.
- Chemical properties also show gradient similarities.
- Members can be prepared by similar methods (e.g., alcohols from alkyl halides).
- The series allows for systematic study of organic compounds.
- Properties of the first few members predict properties of others in the series.
Functional Groups
- Functional groups are atoms or groups of atoms that define the structure and properties of organic compounds.
- Compounds with the same functional group react similarly in tests.
- Physical and chemical properties vary depending on the different functional groups.
- Each functional group has a homologous series of related compounds.
Examples of Functional Groups
| Functional Group | General Formula | Type of Organic Compound | Suffix | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halide (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I) | R–X | Haloalkanes | ane | CH₃Cl (Methyl chloride, Chloromethane) |
| Hydroxyl | R–OH | Alcohols | ol | C₂H₅OH (Ethyl alcohol, Ethanol) |
| Aldehyde | R–CHO | Aldehydes | al | CH₃CHO (Acetaldehyde, Ethanal) |
| Carboxyl | R–COOH | Carboxylic acids | oic acid | CH₃CH₂COOH (Propionic acid, Propanoic acid) |
| Keto | Ketones | one | CH₃COC₂H₅ (Diethyl ketone, Pentanone) | |
| Ether | R–O–R′ | Ethers | oxy | CH₃–O–C₂H₅ (Ethyl methyl ether, Methoxy ethane) |
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