Homologous Series and Functional Groups
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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic of a homologous series?

  • Each member differs by a CH group.
  • Each member has identical physical properties.
  • Each member has the same chemical properties.
  • Each member differs by a CH2 group and 14 amu. (correct)

    • Which functional group is associated with alcohols?

  • -COOH
  • -CHO
  • -O-
  • -OH (correct)

    • What general formula represents alkenes?

  • C_nH_{2n} (correct)
  • C_nH_{2n-2}
  • C_nH_{n+2}
  • C_nH_{2n+2}

    • How do the physical properties of compounds in a homologous series generally behave?

    <p>They show a gradation in properties as molecular mass increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a functional group?

    <p>Compounds of the same functional group have different tests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is associated with the suffix ‘-one’?

    <p>Ketones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkanes?

    <p>C_nH_{2n+2} (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is a haloalkane with the IUPAC name 'Chloromethane'?

    <p>CH_3Cl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property shared by all members of a homologous series?

    <p>They have similar physical and chemical properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each member of a homologous series differs from the preceding one by a CH2 group.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a homologous series in organic chemistry?

    <p>It helps in the systematic study of organic compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compound containing a carboxyl functional group is classified as a _______.

    <p>carboxylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each general formula with its corresponding organic compound suffix and example:

    <p>R – OH = Alcohols R – X = Haloalkanes –CHO = Aldehydes –COOH = Carboxylic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about functional groups is correct?

    <p>Compounds within the same functional group undergo the same types of tests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethers are characterized by the functional group -OH.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Homologous Series

    A group of organic compounds with similar structures and properties. Successive compounds differ by a CH2 group.

    CH2 Group

    A fundamental unit used to systematically differentiate compounds in a homologous series.

    Functional Group

    An atom or group of atoms that gives a family of organic compounds its characteristic properties.

    Alkane General Formula

    CnH2n+2

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    Alcohol Functional Group

    –OH

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    Physical Property Gradient in Homologous Series

    Physical properties change gradually with increasing molecular mass.

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    Aldehyde Functional Group

    –CHO

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    Significance of Homologous Series

    Systematic study of organic compounds, property prediction based on known members.

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    What distinguishes members of a homologous series?

    Each member of a homologous series differs from the preceding one by the addition of a CH2 group and by 14 amu.

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    General Formula

    A formula that represents all members of a homologous series, showing the relationship between carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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    Common Name vs. IUPAC Name

    Two naming systems for organic compounds: common names are traditional but can be less systematic, while IUPAC names provide a consistent and predictable way to name compounds.

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    Halide Functional Group

    A halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) attached to a carbon chain, resulting in haloalkanes.

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    Study Notes

    Homologous Series

    • A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with similar structures and chemical properties.
    • Successive compounds differ by a CH₂ group.
    • Each member differs from the preceding member by adding a CH₂ group and 14 atomic mass units (amu).
    • All members share a general formula (e.g., alkanes: CnH2n+2; alkenes: CnH2n).
    • Physical properties show gradation with increasing molecular mass.
    • Chemical properties also show gradient similarities.
    • Members can be prepared by similar methods (e.g., alcohols from alkyl halides).
    • The series allows for systematic study of organic compounds.
    • Properties of the first few members predict properties of others in the series.

    Functional Groups

    • Functional groups are atoms or groups of atoms that define the structure and properties of organic compounds.
    • Compounds with the same functional group react similarly in tests.
    • Physical and chemical properties vary depending on the different functional groups.
    • Each functional group has a homologous series of related compounds.

    Examples of Functional Groups

    Functional Group General Formula Type of Organic Compound Suffix Examples
    Halide (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I) R–X Haloalkanes ane CH₃Cl (Methyl chloride, Chloromethane)
    Hydroxyl R–OH Alcohols ol C₂H₅OH (Ethyl alcohol, Ethanol)
    Aldehyde R–CHO Aldehydes al CH₃CHO (Acetaldehyde, Ethanal)
    Carboxyl R–COOH Carboxylic acids oic acid CH₃CH₂COOH (Propionic acid, Propanoic acid)
    Keto Ketones one CH₃COC₂H₅ (Diethyl ketone, Pentanone)
    Ether R–O–R′ Ethers oxy CH₃–O–C₂H₅ (Ethyl methyl ether, Methoxy ethane)

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    Description

    Explore the concept of homologous series where organic compounds display similar structures and properties. Learn how functional groups influence the reactivity and characteristics of these compounds, providing a systematic approach to studying organic chemistry.

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