Organic Chemistry

Benzene Derivatives

• The general formula for monosubstituted benzene is C6H5X, where X is a substituent.
• The planar, ring-shaped structure of benzene imparts unusual stability to the molecule.

Nomenclature of Monosubstituted Benzenes

• Monosubstituted benzenes are named by adding the substituent as a prefix to the parent compound benzene.

Classification of Benzene and Similar Compounds

• Benzene and substances with similar structures and chemical properties are classified as arenes.

Diamylbenzenes

• Dimethylbenzenes are also known as xylenes.

Nitration of Benzene

• The compound formed when benzene undergoes nitration is nitrobenzene.

Halogenation of Benzene

• The product of the halogenation of benzene with bromine is bromobenzene.

Phenyl Group

• The C6H5- group is known as the phenyl group.

Alkylation of Benzene

• The product of the alkylation of benzene with chloroethane is ethylbenzene.
• In alkylation of benzene, the net addition is replacement of a hydrogen atom by an alkyl group.

Disubstituted Benzenes

• The prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- are used to name disubstituted benzenes.

Trinitrotoluene

• The compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is also known as TNT.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

• Aromatic hydrocarbons are essentially hydrocarbons that contain a planar, ring-shaped structure.

Addition Reactions

• Carbon atoms in benzene do not undergo addition reactions as do carbon atoms in alkenes.

Chloroethyl Methyl Ether

• The compound CH2CH3 Cl Br is also known as chloroethyl methyl ether.