Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups

Alcohol

• a compound containing an -OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom
• Classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon bearing the -OH group

Aldehyde

• a compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen; a -CHO group

Amide

• a functional derivative of a carboxylic acid in which an amino group replaces the -OH of the carboxyl group

Amine

• an organic compound in which one, two, or three hydrogens of ammonia are replaced by carbon groups; RNH2, R2NH, or R3N
• Classified as primary (1º), secondary (2º), and tertiary (3º) depending on the number of carbon groups bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amino group

Amino Group

• a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two, or three R groups, RNH2, R2NH, or R3N, where the symbol R represents a carbon group

Carbonyl Group

• a C=O group

Carboxyl

• carbonyl + hydroxyl group: a -COOH group

Carboxylic Acid

• a compound containing a -COOH group

Carboxylic Ester

• a derivate of a carboxylic acid in which a carbon group replaces the H of the carboxyl group; -COOR or -CO₂R

Condensed Structural Formula

• a shorthand method for writing organic structures in which hydrogens are grouped with the atom they are attached to

Functional Group

• the group of atoms that gives a compound its identity; group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic set of predictable physical and chemical behaviors

Hydroxyl (-OH) group

• an -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom

Ketone

• a compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon groups

Organic Chemistry

• the study of carbon compounds

This quiz covers essential functional groups in organic chemistry, including alcohols, aldehydes, amides, amines, and carboxylic acids. Test your understanding of their structures, classifications, and characteristics. Perfect for students studying organic chemistry.