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Questions and Answers
What does the empirical formula represent in a molecule?
It represents the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule.
What information does a molecular formula provide?
It gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule.
How does a displayed formula differ from a structural formula?
A displayed formula shows every atom and every bond, while a structural formula shows the arrangement of atoms without detailing every bond.
What is the suffix for a compound that is a carboxylic acid?
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Describe structural isomerism in your own words.
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What characterizes chain isomerism and give an example?
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Define stereoisomerism and explain its significance.
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What is positional isomerism and how does it affect compound properties?
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Study Notes
Empirical Formula
- Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
Molecular Formula
- Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule
Displayed Formula
- Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
Structural Formula
- Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond
Skeletal Formula
- Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom
- Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H
Suffixes for Organic Compounds
- No double bonds - -ane
- At least one double bond - -ene
- An alcohol - -ol
- An aldehyde - -al
- A ketone - -one
- A carboxylic acid - -oic acid
Prefixes for Functional Groups
- CH3 group - methyl-
- C2H5 group - ethyl-
- C3H7 group - propyl-
- C4H9 group - butyl-
- Cl group - chloro-
- Br group - bromo-
- I group - iodo-
Structural Isomerism
- Molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Positional Isomerism
- Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place
Functional Group Isomerism
- Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms
Chain Isomerism
- Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g. branched chains
Stereoisomerism
- Molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space
E-Z Isomerism
- Different arrangement of atoms around a carbon-carbon double bond
- Z - two highest priority groups on the same side of the double bond
- E - two highest priority groups on opposite sides of the double bond
- Priority is determined by atomic number, higher atomic number = higher priority
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Description
This quiz covers various types of chemical formulas such as empirical, molecular, displayed, structural, and skeletal formulas. It also explores suffices and prefixes for naming organic compounds and delves into structural isomerism, which highlights different arrangements of atoms in the same molecular formula. Test your knowledge of these essential concepts in organic chemistry!
