Questions and Answers
What is the atomic number of carbon?
What is chirality?
Chirality is the property of objects being mirror images of one another but not identical, like left and right hands.
Dehydration synthesis occurs when there is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of a ______ molecule.
water
What is glucose?
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What elements do proteins contain?
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What are fatty acids?
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What does tetravalent refer to in terms of carbon?
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A carbohydrate is a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and ______ atoms.
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What is lactose?
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What are amino acids?
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Study Notes
Carbon
- Essential chemical element with atomic number 6, found in CO2 and carbon monoxide.
- Vital for life, prevalent in coal.
Chirality
- Refers to objects that are mirror images but not identical, exemplified by human hands.
Dehydration Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis
- Dehydration synthesis involves loss of a water molecule, facilitating the formation of larger molecules.
- Hydrolysis adds water to break down compounds, reversing the dehydration process.
Polysaccharides vs. Monosaccharides
- Polysaccharides are large molecules made of monosaccharide units (simple sugars).
- Monosaccharides are the building blocks of polysaccharides.
Glucose
- A simple sugar crucial for energy, found in plants, forming a key component of carbohydrates.
Proteins
- Macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
- Essential for muscle repair and growth.
Carboxyl Group vs. Hydroxyl Group
- Carboxyl group consists of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon atom.
- Hydroxyl group features an oxygen bonded to hydrogen, can form hydroxide ions in ionic bonds.
Benedict's Reagent
- Chemical solution that changes color in the presence of reducing sugars like glucose.
- Used in clinical tests for diabetes, consists of sodium potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, and copper sulfate.
Fatty Acids
- Long chain hydrocarbons derived from fat breakdown, containing one carboxylic group and an aliphatic tail.
Tetravalent
- Carbon's valence of four highlights its ability to form four bonds, facilitating diverse compound structures.
Functional Groups
- Alkane refers to hydrocarbons that exhibit predictable interactions between hydrogen and carbon.
Carbohydrates
- Nutrient compounds comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; primary energy source for the body.
- Bread is a common example of carbohydrate-rich food.
Alpha vs. Beta Glycosidic Linkage
- Alpha glycosidic linkages connect glucose units to form starches; digestible by humans.
- Beta glycosidic linkages connect glucose to form cellulose; indigestible.
Lactose
- Disaccharide formed from glucose and galactose; requires lactase for breakdown, not particularly sweet.
Amino Acids
- Basic building blocks of proteins containing carboxyl and amine functional groups.
- 20 essential amino acids are required for proper bodily functions; phenylalanine is one example.
Dipeptide vs. Polypeptide
- Dipeptides consist of two amino acids joined by removing an -OH and an -H, forming water.
- Polypeptides are longer chains of amino acids forming proteins.
Lugol's Solution
- A brown solution of iodine and potassium iodide, utilized in medical applications.
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats
- Saturated fats have single bonds, resulting in solid forms like butter.
- Unsaturated fats contain double or triple bonds, often liquid like oils, typically sourced from plants or aquatic life.
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Description
Explore key concepts in organic chemistry with this flashcard set. From the crucial element carbon to the concept of chirality and the comparison of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis, this quiz will enhance your understanding of organic compounds. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in organic chemistry.
