Organic Chemistry CHE111: Bonding & Structure Quiz

Course Information

• Course Name: Organic Chemistry
• Course Code: CHE111
• Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Ahmed Ragab
• Lecture Topic: Bonding and Molecular Structure

Course Grading

• Attendance: 20%

• Course Activities (Quizzes, Assignments, Presentations): 30%

• Lab: 10%

• Midterm Exam: 40%

• Final Exam: 100%

• Passing grade: 60% overall

• Final Exam requirement: 30% of the final exam mark (minimum of 12 out of 40)

Grading System

• A+ (More than 97%): 4 points
• A (93% to less than 97%): 4 points
• A- (89% to less than 93%): 3.7 points
• B+ (84% to 89%): 3.3 points
• B (80% to 84%): 3.0 points
• B- (76% to less than 80%): 2.7 points
• C+ (73% to less than 76%): 2.3 points
• C (70% to 73%): 2.0 points
• C- (67% to less than 70%): 1.7 points
• D+ (64% to less than 67%): 1.3 points
• D (60% to less than 64%): 1.0 point
• F (Less than 60%): 0.0 points

Course Content

• Introduction
• Formula weights, Avogadro's number, empirical formulas from analyses
• Bonding and molecular structure
• Acids and bases
• Alkanes
• Alkenes
• Alkynes
• Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones
• Carboxylic acids
• Aromatic compounds
• Polymers

Learning Resources

• Organic Chemistry, 11th Edition, by Francis Carey, Robert Giuliano, Neil Allison, and Susan Bane.
• Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Fourth Edition by William Brown and Thomas Poon.
• Organic Chemistry, 9th Edition by T. W. Graham Solomons and Craig B. Fryhle.

What is Organic Chemistry?

• The study of carbon-containing compounds.
• Traditionally, the study of compounds derived from living organisms.
• Now considers all carbon-containing compounds.
• The "Vital Force" theory was disproven in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler.

Organic Chemistry Overview

• Oil (petroleum) is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
• Hydrocarbons predominantly contain hydrogen and carbon.
• Crude oil is broken down into simpler mixtures via fractional distillation.

Properties of Organic Compounds

• Covalently bonded
• Low melting points
• Non-electrolytes (do not conduct electricity)
• Nonpolar
• React slower than inorganic compounds
• Require high activation energies
• Generally insoluble in water

Why Carbon?

• Carbon readily forms strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, as well as hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
• Carbon forms chains and rings

Principles of Atomic Structure

• Atoms/Compounds: Pure substances are either elements or compounds
• ATOM: The smallest unit of ordinary matter
• Electron structure of atom: Atoms are composed of a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by orbiting electrons.
• Isotopes: Atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons.
• Volume of atom: Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by the electron "cloud".
• Atomic orbitals: Mathematical functions that describe locations where electrons are likely to be found in an atom.
  • These locations are usually represented as orbitals.
• Valence electrons: Outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding
• Periodic Table
• Electrons fill orbitals in specific patterns that correlates with the structure of the periodic table

Formula Weights, Avogadro's Number, and the Mole

• Formula weight (FW): Sum of the atomic weights of atoms in the formula.
• Avogadro's Number: The number of atoms or molecules in one mole (6.022 x 10²³)
• Mole: The amount of a substance containing Avogadro's number of atoms, molecules, or other particles.
• Molar Mass: The mass in grams of one mole of a substance (numerically equal to its formula weight in amu).

Empirical and Molecular Formulas

• Empirical Formula: Gives the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
• Molecular Formula: Shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule; it's a multiple of the empirical formula.
• Method for getting the molecular formula from the empirical formula.

Empirical Formula from Combustion Analysis

• Method for determining the empirical formula of an unknown compound by analyzing product's mass from combustion reaction
• Determine the mass percentages of each element present
• Use these percentages to determine the empirical formula.

Quiz Questions (Examples)

• Questions involving calculating molar mass, empirical/molecular formulas, and analyzing combustion reactions.

Test your knowledge on bonding and molecular structures in Organic Chemistry CHE111. This quiz will cover essential concepts introduced in the course, helping you reinforce your understanding and prepare effectively for exams.