16 Questions
What is the significance of the word 'organic' in the context of chemistry?
The word 'organic' initially signified compounds obtained from plants and animals, i.e., from living organisms.
What did Lavoisier show about the compounds obtained from plants and animals?
Lavoisier showed that compounds obtained from plants often contained C, H, and O elements, while compounds obtained from animals contained elements C, H, N, O, S, P, etc.
What is the Vital Force Theory proposed by Jacob Berzellius?
The Vital Force Theory proposed by Jacob Berzellius suggested that organic compounds required a 'vital force' present in living organisms for their synthesis.
What are the elements commonly found in compounds obtained from animals according to Lavoisier?
Compounds obtained from animals contain elements C, H, N, O, S, P, etc.
What was the initial definition of organic chemistry before 1828?
Before 1828, organic chemistry was defined as the chemistry of compounds obtained from plants and animals, i.e., from living organisms.
What did the word 'organic' signify in the early 19th century?
In the early 19th century, the word 'organic' signified compounds obtained from plants and animals, i.e., from living organisms.
Who synthesized the first organic compound urea from inorganic substance in 1828?
Wohler
What is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives?
Organic chemistry
Why are the oxides of carbon, carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbides not treated as organic compounds?
Their properties are quite different from those of organic compounds.
What type of formula represents the actual number of atoms in one molecule of the organic compound?
Molecular formula
How is a single bond represented in a structural formula?
By a single line (-)
Who further negated the Vital Force theory by preparing acetic acid in the laboratory?
Kolbe
What are some examples of organic compounds?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, enzymes, vitamins, drugs, pharmaceutical products, fertilizers, pesticides, paints, dyes, synthetic rubbers, plastics, artificial fibers, and many polymers
What did a detailed investigation of organic compounds reveal about their essential constituents?
All of them contain covalently bonded carbon and hydrogen as their essential constituent.
How many types of formulae of organic compounds are there?
Four
What is the formula for butane?
C4H10
Study Notes
Significance of 'Organic' in Chemistry
- The term 'organic' originally referred to compounds obtained from living organisms, such as plants and animals.
Lavoisier's Contributions
- Lavoisier showed that compounds obtained from plants and animals could be decomposed into simpler substances, such as carbon dioxide, water, and ash.
- He found that compounds from animals often contained carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Vital Force Theory
- The Vital Force Theory, proposed by Jacob Berzelius, suggested that organic compounds could only be synthesized in living organisms, and not in the laboratory.
- This theory implied that organic compounds possessed a special 'vital force' that could not be replicated artificially.
Early Definition of Organic Chemistry
- Before 1828, organic chemistry referred to the study of compounds obtained from living organisms.
- In the early 19th century, the term 'organic' signified a connection to living things.
Synthesis of Urea
- In 1828, Friedrich Wöhler synthesized urea from an inorganic substance, contradicting the Vital Force Theory.
Branch of Chemistry
- The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives is called organic chemistry.
Exclusions from Organic Compounds
- Oxides of carbon, carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbides are not treated as organic compounds because they do not contain hydrogen.
Formula Representation
- A molecular formula represents the actual number of atoms in one molecule of an organic compound.
- A structural formula represents the arrangement of atoms in an organic compound.
- A single bond is represented by a single line (-) in a structural formula.
Negation of Vital Force Theory
- In addition to Wöhler, other scientists, such as Liebig, further negated the Vital Force Theory by preparing acetic acid in the laboratory.
Examples of Organic Compounds
- Examples of organic compounds include sugars, fats, proteins, and hydrocarbons.
Investigation of Organic Compounds
- A detailed investigation of organic compounds revealed that they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
Types of Formulae
- There are three types of formulae: molecular, structural, and empirical.
Formula for Butane
- The molecular formula for butane is C₄H₁₀.
Test your knowledge of structural, condensed, and molecular formulae of straight chain hydrocarbons up to ten carbon atoms, general characteristics, diversity, magnitude, sources, and uses of organic compounds.
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