Organic Chemistry: Brominating Alkenes Flashcards
10 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a chiral carbon?

  • A carbon with 3 different substituents
  • A carbon with 4 different substituents (correct)
  • A carbon in a ring structure
  • A carbon with 4 identical substituents

    • Which of the following best describes enantiomers?

  • A type of diastereomer
  • Molecules with chiral centers and non-superimposable mirror images (correct)
  • Identical molecules
  • Molecules that can freely rotate

    • What is a racemic mixture?

    Equal amounts of enantiomers

    What defines a meso compound?

    <p>Chiral centers with an internal plane of symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during electrophilic addition?

    <p>The pi bond is replaced by two sigma bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the Bromination process.

    <p>Bromine induces dipole, C-Br forms while Br-Br breaks, forming Br- ion that adds on opposite side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical state of trans-stilbene during bromination?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical state of cis-stilbene during bromination?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure for brominating cis-stilbene?

    <p>Put cis and acetic acid and pyrid tribrom and b chips to rbf, reflux, lower heat and cool, add water, remove condenser, cool in ice-water bath, vacuum filter and wash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What terms are used to differentiate stereoisomers?

    <p>Erythro and threo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Concepts in Bromination of Alkenes

    • Chiral Carbons: A carbon atom that has four different substituents, leading to the possibility of stereoisomerism.
    • Enantiomers: Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, arising from chiral centers.
    • Racemic Mixture: A mixture that contains equal amounts of two enantiomers, resulting in no optical activity.

    Stereochemical Aspects

    • Meso Compound: A molecule that contains chiral centers but also has an internal plane of symmetry, making it achiral overall.
    • Erythro and Threo: Terms used to differentiate stereoisomers based on their spatial arrangement, important in discussing stereochemistry.

    Mechanism of Bromination

    • Electrophilic Addition: A process where a pi bond is converted into two sigma bonds; involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate after an electrophile attacks the alkene.
    • Bromination: Involves the generation of a bromonium ion when bromine reacts with an alkene; results in formation of trans vicinal dihalides through an anti-addition mechanism, yielding chiral carbons with R or S configurations.

    Specific Reactions

    • Trans-Stilbene Bromination: A solid state reaction, highlighting the difference in physical properties in comparison to its cis counterpart.
    • Cis-Stilbene Bromination: Occurs in a liquid state, indicative of the differences in reactivity of cis and trans alkenes.
    • Cinnamic Acid Bromination: Another application of bromination that showcases variations in products based on the starting structure.

    Experimental Procedure

    • General Steps: Combine cis stilbene with acetic acid and bromine in a round bottom flask, reflux, then cool, add water, vacuum filter, and wash the product. Repeat with trans stilbene for comparative analysis.
    • Silver Nitrate Results: Typically used for identifying the presence of bromine in reaction mixtures.

    Yield and Analysis

    • Percent Yield of Cis and Trans: Measurements that evaluate the efficiency of the bromination reaction for both isomers.
    • Postlab and Prelab: Sections that typically involve analysis and preparatory work for conducting the experiment, encompassing safety, theoretical background, and expected outcomes.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts related to the bromination of alkenes with these flashcards. Learn about chiral carbons, enantiomers, and other important terms in stereochemistry. Perfect for organic chemistry study and review.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser