Intro to organic chemistry: MCQ 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?

  • COOH in the middle of the molecule
  • OH at the end of the molecule
  • COOH at the end of the molecule (correct)
  • COOC in the middle of the molecule
  • What is the functional group in esters?

  • OH at the end of the molecule
  • COOH at the end of the molecule
  • COOC in the middle of the molecule (correct)
  • COH in the middle of the molecule
  • How are the side chains named in an organic compound?

  • The side chain is named after the functional group
  • If two identical side chains exist, the prefix 'tri' is given
  • If two identical side chains exist, the prefix 'di' is given (correct)
  • The side chain is named after the main carbon chain
  • What is the purpose of numbering the carbons in an organic compound?

    <p>To give the lowest possible numbers to the side chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound with the molecular formula C₄H₁₀?

    <p>Butane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between structural isomers?

    <p>They have different structural formulas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of naming the compound after the longest chain of carbons?

    <p>To ensure the correct naming of the compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional group in aldehydes?

    <p>CHO at the end of the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of bonds that carbon can form?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organic compound that contains a CHO group at the end of the molecule?

    <p>Aldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the group that an organic compound is split into, based on the type of bonds that carbon forms?

    <p>Functional group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organic compound that contains a triple bond?

    <p>Alkyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the 1st part of an organic compound's name?

    <p>The number of carbon atoms in the main chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of bond that carbon forms with hydrogen in an alkane?

    <p>Single bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organic Chemistry

    • Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, which are essential for all living things.
    • Carbon has a valency of 4, allowing it to form 4 bonds.
    • Organic compounds can be synthesized in a lab and are used in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, fibers, and fuels.

    Carbon Chains and Rings

    • Carbon can form stable chains and rings, allowing for the existence of millions of organic compounds.
    • Carbon chains can be straight or branched, and can have different lengths.

    Naming Organic Compounds

    • The name of an organic compound is based on the number of carbons present, the type of bonds formed, and the functional group present.
    • The number of carbons present in the main chain determines the 1st part of the compound's name:
      • 1 carbon: meth
      • 2 carbons: eth
      • 3 carbons: prop
      • 4 carbons: but
      • 5 carbons: pent
      • 6 carbons: hex
      • 7 carbons: hept
      • 8 carbons: oct
      • 9 carbons: non
      • 10 carbons: dec
    • The functional group contributes to the 2nd part of the name:
      • Alkanes: (al)
      • Alkenes: (ene)
      • Alkynes: (yne)
      • Alcohols: (ol)
      • Aldehydes: (al)
      • Ketones: (one)
      • Carboxylic Acids: (oic acid)
      • Esters: (oate)

    Functional Groups

    • Alkanes: C-C and C-H single bonds only
    • Alkenes: has a C=C double bond
    • Alkynes: has a triple bond
    • Alcohols: contains an OH (hydroxyl group)
    • Aldehydes: contains a CHO group at the end of the molecule
    • Ketones: C=O cannot be at either end of the molecule, must be in the middle
    • Carboxylic Acids: COOH group at the end of the molecule
    • Esters: COOC in the middle of the molecule
    • Aromatic Compounds: contain a benzene ring in their structure

    Naming Esters

    • 1st part: the name of the alcohol component
    • 2nd part: the name of the acid component

    Side Chains

    • Side chains come off the main carbon chain and play a part in naming an organic compound
    • An alkyl group can be:
      • Methyl: CH₃
      • Ethyl: C₂H₅
      • Propyl: C₂H₇
    • Halogens can also occur in organic compounds:
      • Chloro: Cl
      • Bromo: Br
      • Iodo: I

    Naming Compounds with Side Chains

    • Naming the side chain:
      • If two identical side chains exist, a di prefix is given to the side chain and the positions of these side groups must be recorded
    • Assigning positions to the side chains:
      • The carbons are numbered starting from the end that gives the side chain the lowest possible numbers
      • The name of the compound is based on the positions of the side chains

    Bonding Position

    • The position of the functional group in alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, and ketones affects the naming of the compound
    • The position of the double bond in alkenes and alkynes does not change the compound's name

    The Longest Carbon Chain

    • Organic molecules must be named after the longest chain of carbons
    • The longest chain of carbons determines the 1st part of the compound's name

    Structural Isomers

    • Structural Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
    • Example: butane (C₄H₁₀) and 2-methylpropane (C₄H₁₀) are structural isomers

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    Description

    Learn about the basics of organic chemistry, including the properties of carbon and its ability to form chains and rings, and its applications in industry.

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