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Questions and Answers
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon.
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon.
True (A)
Which of the following elements are the most abundant in the Earth's crust?
Which of the following elements are the most abundant in the Earth's crust?
- oxygen and silicon (correct)
- nitrogen and sulfur
- chlorine and bromine
- carbon and hydrogen
Why is organic chemistry so important despite carbon's relatively low abundance in the Earth's crust?
Why is organic chemistry so important despite carbon's relatively low abundance in the Earth's crust?
Organic chemistry is important because of the vast diversity of organic compounds, their involvement in biological systems, and their applications in various industries.
What was significant about Friedrich Wöhler's experiment in 1828?
What was significant about Friedrich Wöhler's experiment in 1828?
What is a functional group?
What is a functional group?
Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in the molecule of ethanol, CH3CH2OH?
Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in the molecule of ethanol, CH3CH2OH?
What is meant by the term 'primary alcohol'?
What is meant by the term 'primary alcohol'?
Which of the following condensed structural formulas represents a secondary amine?
Which of the following condensed structural formulas represents a secondary amine?
What is meant by the term 'carbonyl group'?
What is meant by the term 'carbonyl group'?
Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in the molecule of propanal, CH3CH2CHO?
Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in the molecule of propanal, CH3CH2CHO?
Which of the following compounds is a carboxylic acid?
Which of the following compounds is a carboxylic acid?
Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in the molecule of methyl acetate, CH3COOCH3?
Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in the molecule of methyl acetate, CH3COOCH3?
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Study Notes
Organic Chemistry
- Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds.
- Organic compounds are prevalent in foods, flavors, medicines, and living organisms.
- Organic compounds primarily involve carbon, hydrogen, and other elements.
- Inorganic chemistry deals with elements other than carbon.
- Carbon makes up about 0.9% of the Earth's crust, but it is crucial study due to the sheer number of organic compounds.
- Scientists initially believed a "vital force" was necessary to produce organic compounds. This was proven incorrect by F. Wöhler's synthesis of urea from inorganic compounds in 1828.
- There are currently over 10 million discovered/synthesized organic compounds, with an additional estimated 10,000 being discovered each year.
Writing Structural Formulas
- Structural formulas display each atom and their connections.
- Carbon typically forms four bonds.
- Nitrogen forms three bonds and has one lone pair of electrons.
- Oxygen forms two bonds and has two lone pairs of electrons.
- Hydrogen forms one bond with no lone pairs of electrons.
- Halogens form one bond and have three lone pairs of electrons.
Obtaining Organic Compounds
- Organic compounds can be isolated from natural sources (plants, animals, microorganisms).
- Organic compounds can be synthetically produced in a laboratory.
- Chemical processes can duplicate compounds found in nature.
Functional Groups
- Functional groups are specific atoms or group of atoms in a molecule that are responsible for characteristic chemical patterns.
- Groups bonded to carbon atoms determine the compound's physical and chemical characteristics.
- Examples include hydroxyl (-OH), amine (-NH2), carbonyl (=C=O), carboxyl (-COOH), and ester (-COOR).
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