Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary aim of the extraction process described?
What is the primary aim of the extraction process described?
Which piece of equipment is necessary for decanting liquids during the extraction process?
Which piece of equipment is necessary for decanting liquids during the extraction process?
Which of the following is NOT listed as part of the equipment needed for the extraction?
Which of the following is NOT listed as part of the equipment needed for the extraction?
In addition to centrifuge tubes, what other type of glassware is mentioned for use in the extraction process?
In addition to centrifuge tubes, what other type of glassware is mentioned for use in the extraction process?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the water bath in the extraction setup?
What is the function of the water bath in the extraction setup?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of Borntrager's test?
What is the primary purpose of Borntrager's test?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following reagents is NOT used in Borntrager's test?
Which of the following reagents is NOT used in Borntrager's test?
Signup and view all the answers
In what type of container is the Borntrager's test generally conducted?
In what type of container is the Borntrager's test generally conducted?
Signup and view all the answers
Which apparatus is necessary for the separation of compounds during Borntrager's test?
Which apparatus is necessary for the separation of compounds during Borntrager's test?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of dilute HCl in Borntrager's test?
What is the role of dilute HCl in Borntrager's test?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of adding Ferric Chloride solution during the procedure?
What is the purpose of adding Ferric Chloride solution during the procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the total volume of the solution after adding 3.5 ml of Ferric Chloride and 2 ml of Conc. HCl to 10 ml of the aqueous layer?
What is the total volume of the solution after adding 3.5 ml of Ferric Chloride and 2 ml of Conc. HCl to 10 ml of the aqueous layer?
Signup and view all the answers
How long should the solution be refluxed according to the instructions?
How long should the solution be refluxed according to the instructions?
Signup and view all the answers
What components are specifically listed to be added after reflux?
What components are specifically listed to be added after reflux?
Signup and view all the answers
Which reagent is used at a 60% w/v concentration during the procedure?
Which reagent is used at a 60% w/v concentration during the procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of using chloroform in the extraction process described?
What is the purpose of using chloroform in the extraction process described?
Signup and view all the answers
How many times is chloroform used for the extraction in the procedure?
How many times is chloroform used for the extraction in the procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What component is specifically referred to as the 'Aqueous layer' in the procedure?
What component is specifically referred to as the 'Aqueous layer' in the procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the designation given to the chloroform layer in the extraction process?
What is the designation given to the chloroform layer in the extraction process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the mixture does the term 'Aglycone part' refer to?
Which part of the mixture does the term 'Aglycone part' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of action do anthraquinone glycosides primarily have on the digestive system?
What type of action do anthraquinone glycosides primarily have on the digestive system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of anthraquinone glycosides?
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of anthraquinone glycosides?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of glycosides are anthraquinone glycosides classified as?
What kind of glycosides are anthraquinone glycosides classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
In what part of the digestive system do anthraquinone glycosides primarily exert their effects?
In what part of the digestive system do anthraquinone glycosides primarily exert their effects?
Signup and view all the answers
The laxative effect of anthraquinone glycosides is mainly due to which of the following actions?
The laxative effect of anthraquinone glycosides is mainly due to which of the following actions?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of glycosides elicit a more drastic reaction?
What type of glycosides elicit a more drastic reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug is NOT mentioned as commonly used in the content provided?
Which drug is NOT mentioned as commonly used in the content provided?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of action do anthranol glycosides cause?
What type of action do anthranol glycosides cause?
Signup and view all the answers
Among the following, which is a characteristic of anthraquinone glycosides compared to anthranol glycosides?
Among the following, which is a characteristic of anthraquinone glycosides compared to anthranol glycosides?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is true about anthranol and anthrone glycosides?
Which of the following is true about anthranol and anthrone glycosides?
Signup and view all the answers
Aloe and Rhubarb are not recommended due to their irritating actions which increase the chance for ______ effect.
Aloe and Rhubarb are not recommended due to their irritating actions which increase the chance for ______ effect.
Signup and view all the answers
The anthraquinone hydrolyzed to give ______ which are di, tri, or tetra - hydroxyanthraquinone.
The anthraquinone hydrolyzed to give ______ which are di, tri, or tetra - hydroxyanthraquinone.
Signup and view all the answers
Hydrolyzed anthraquinones can produce ______ hydroxyanthraquinones.
Hydrolyzed anthraquinones can produce ______ hydroxyanthraquinones.
Signup and view all the answers
The irritating actions of Aloe and Rhubarb increase the chance for gripping ______.
The irritating actions of Aloe and Rhubarb increase the chance for gripping ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Anthraquinone is hydrolyzed to give aglycone which are di, ______, or tetra - hydroxyanthraquinone.
Anthraquinone is hydrolyzed to give aglycone which are di, ______, or tetra - hydroxyanthraquinone.
Signup and view all the answers
Extract with [10 ml of ________] two times.
Extract with [10 ml of ________] two times.
Signup and view all the answers
The ________ layer corresponds to the Glycone part.
The ________ layer corresponds to the Glycone part.
Signup and view all the answers
The Chloroform layer is referred to as the ________ part (monoanthrone).
The Chloroform layer is referred to as the ________ part (monoanthrone).
Signup and view all the answers
The Aglycone part can also be known as ________ part during the extraction.
The Aglycone part can also be known as ________ part during the extraction.
Signup and view all the answers
Place in a ________ funnel for the extraction procedure.
Place in a ________ funnel for the extraction procedure.
Signup and view all the answers
The main reagent used in the procedure is ______ acid.
The main reagent used in the procedure is ______ acid.
Signup and view all the answers
The method of extraction described in the procedure is called ______.
The method of extraction described in the procedure is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
One of the reagents mentioned in the procedure is ______.
One of the reagents mentioned in the procedure is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ chloride solution is used at a 60% w/v concentration.
The ______ chloride solution is used at a 60% w/v concentration.
Signup and view all the answers
To perform the extraction, materials are placed in a ______ bottle.
To perform the extraction, materials are placed in a ______ bottle.
Signup and view all the answers
Fraction A contains the whole ______.
Fraction A contains the whole ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Fraction B contains the ______.
Fraction B contains the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Fraction C contains the aglycone part known as ______.
Fraction C contains the aglycone part known as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ action of anthraquinone glycosides primarily affects the digestive system.
The ______ action of anthraquinone glycosides primarily affects the digestive system.
Signup and view all the answers
Anthraquinone glycosides are classified as ______ glycosides.
Anthraquinone glycosides are classified as ______ glycosides.
Signup and view all the answers
Shake the upper benzene layer with dilute ______ (10%) to check the intensity of the color.
Shake the upper benzene layer with dilute ______ (10%) to check the intensity of the color.
Signup and view all the answers
A ______ color will be produced, which is very clear with monoanthrones than dianthrones.
A ______ color will be produced, which is very clear with monoanthrones than dianthrones.
Signup and view all the answers
The upper benzene layer is also referred to as the free ______.
The upper benzene layer is also referred to as the free ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The intensity of the color is checked to determine the presence of ______ in the sample.
The intensity of the color is checked to determine the presence of ______ in the sample.
Signup and view all the answers
A clear pink color indicates a positive reaction primarily with ______.
A clear pink color indicates a positive reaction primarily with ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The mobile phase consists of n-propanol, ethyl acetate, and ______ in a ratio of 60:30:30.
The mobile phase consists of n-propanol, ethyl acetate, and ______ in a ratio of 60:30:30.
Signup and view all the answers
The standard compound used in the separation process is ______.
The standard compound used in the separation process is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The spray reagent utilized in the procedure is ______ 5% w/v.
The spray reagent utilized in the procedure is ______ 5% w/v.
Signup and view all the answers
The mechanism of separation in this process is known as ______.
The mechanism of separation in this process is known as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The developing technique applied in this method is referred to as ______.
The developing technique applied in this method is referred to as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Anthraquinone Glycosides
-
Anthraquinone glycosides are stimulant cathartics
-
Increase colon smooth muscle tone and stimulate water/electrolyte secretion
-
Hydrolyzed in the colon to pharmacologically active aglycones (8-12 hours after ingestion)
-
Used to treat constipation where milder drugs are ineffective
-
Used before procedures requiring bowel evacuation
-
Habit forming, long-term use can lead to dependence and loss of normal bowel function
-
Anthranols/anthrones cause a more drastic reaction than corresponding anthraquinones (discomforting, gripping action)
-
Common glycosides include cascara, frangula, hypericum, and senna
-
Aloe and rhubarb are less desirable due to irritating actions increasing the risk of gripping
-
Hydrolysis converts anthraquinones into aglycones (tri-, tetra-hydroxyanthraquinone, anthrones, dianthrones, oxanthrones)
Isolation and Identification
- Aim: Isolate anthraquinone glycosides
- Equipment: Large beakers, conical flasks, centrifuge, centrifuge tubes, separatory funnel, water bath, round bottom flask, filter paper, bottle
- Reagents: Concentrated hydrochloric acid, chloroform, 60% ferric chloride solution
- Method of extraction: Decoction
- Plant used: Senna (C.acutifolia, C.angustifolia), family Leguminosae
- Procedure details involve placing Senna leaves in water, boiling, cooling, filtering, separating the filtrate with chloroform (multiple shakes)
Chemical tests
- General Reaction: Boil crude drug (e.g., Aloe) with water, add kieselguhr, filter, then react with solutions for tests.
- Schoneten's Reaction (Borax test): To identify anthraquinone glycosides in general. Use borax and heat then add solution to test tube containing water. Results in green fluorescence, due to aloe-emodinanthranols released from barbaloin
- Bromine Test: To identify Aloin. Add an equal volume of bromine solution. Results in a color change.
- Borntrager test: Identify aglycones of anthraquinones, use separatory funnel, test tube, dilute HCl, and benzene.
Chromatography
- Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): Used to identify anthraquinone glycosides. Stationary phase is silica gel G, while mobile phase uses n-propanol, ethyl acetate, water (60:30:30). A spray reagent (alcoholic KOH) is used for visualizing spots (intensify by spray with nitric acid and heating.)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on the properties and uses of anthraquinone glycosides, including their role as stimulant cathartics and their effects on bowel function. It also discusses the hydrolysis process that converts anthraquinones into active aglycones and the various types of glycosides. Test your knowledge on isolation and identification techniques in organic chemistry.
