Organic Chemistry: Acid-Catalyzed Reactions and Oxidation
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Questions and Answers

What type of reaction is used to form diols from alkenes?

  • Elimination reaction
  • Reduction reaction
  • Oxidation reaction (correct)
  • Substitution reaction

Which of the following is NOT a common electrophile source mentioned in the text?

  • NaOH (correct)
  • HBr
  • Brâ‚‚
  • Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„

In an electrophilic addition reaction, what type of intermediate is formed when the double bond is broken?

  • Radical
  • Enol
  • Carbanion
  • Carbocation (correct)

Which type of carbocation is the most stable according to the text?

<p>Tertiary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an electrophilic addition reaction of a hydrogen halide, which product will be the major product?

<p>The product formed via the most stable carbocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the acid catalyst in the reaction shown in the first example?

<p>To stabilize the carbocation intermediate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the limited rotation around a carbon-carbon double bond?

<p>The presence of a π-bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the geometry around the carbon atoms in a carbon-carbon double bond?

<p>Trigonal planar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does bromine water react with alkenes (compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds)?

<p>Bromine water changes color from orange-brown to colorless (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stereoisomerism is observed in alkenes due to the limited rotation around the carbon-carbon double bond?

<p>E-Z isomerism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of species is attracted to the high electron density of a carbon-carbon double bond?

<p>Electrophiles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between the carbon atoms in a carbon-carbon double bond?

<p>A single σ-bond and a single π-bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of an electrophilic addition reaction involving alkenes?

<p>The double bond is broken and replaced with single bonds to other atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a nickel catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes to produce alkanes?

<p>To increase the rate of the reaction and make it more efficient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the test for unsaturation using bromine water is correct?

<p>The bromine water is an electrophilic reagent that adds to the $\pi$ bond of the alkene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the products formed in the reactions of alkenes with halogens versus hydrogen halides?

<p>Reaction with halogens produces di-substituted haloalkanes, while reaction with hydrogen halides produces mono-substituted haloalkanes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using catalytic hydrogenation in the manufacture of margarine from unsaturated vegetable oils?

<p>To convert the unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids for a longer shelf life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key structural difference between alcohols and haloalkanes?

<p>Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group, while haloalkanes contain a halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, I) functional group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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