Organic Chemistry: Acid-Catalyzed Reactions and Oxidation

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What type of reaction is used to form diols from alkenes?

Elimination reaction

Reduction reaction

Oxidation reaction (correct)

Substitution reaction

Which of the following is NOT a common electrophile source mentioned in the text?

NaOH (correct)

HBr

Br₂

H₂SO₄

In an electrophilic addition reaction, what type of intermediate is formed when the double bond is broken?

Radical

Enol

Carbanion

Carbocation (correct)

Which type of carbocation is the most stable according to the text?

Tertiary Signup and view all the answers

In an electrophilic addition reaction of a hydrogen halide, which product will be the major product?

The product formed via the most stable carbocation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the acid catalyst in the reaction shown in the first example?

To stabilize the carbocation intermediate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the limited rotation around a carbon-carbon double bond?

The presence of a π-bond Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the geometry around the carbon atoms in a carbon-carbon double bond?

Trigonal planar Signup and view all the answers

How does bromine water react with alkenes (compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds)?

Bromine water changes color from orange-brown to colorless Signup and view all the answers

What type of stereoisomerism is observed in alkenes due to the limited rotation around the carbon-carbon double bond?

E-Z isomerism Signup and view all the answers

Which type of species is attracted to the high electron density of a carbon-carbon double bond?

Electrophiles Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between the carbon atoms in a carbon-carbon double bond?

A single σ-bond and a single π-bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of an electrophilic addition reaction involving alkenes?

The double bond is broken and replaced with single bonds to other atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a nickel catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes to produce alkanes?

To increase the rate of the reaction and make it more efficient Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the test for unsaturation using bromine water is correct?

The bromine water is an electrophilic reagent that adds to the $\pi$ bond of the alkene Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the products formed in the reactions of alkenes with halogens versus hydrogen halides?

Reaction with halogens produces di-substituted haloalkanes, while reaction with hydrogen halides produces mono-substituted haloalkanes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using catalytic hydrogenation in the manufacture of margarine from unsaturated vegetable oils?

To convert the unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids for a longer shelf life Signup and view all the answers

What is the key structural difference between alcohols and haloalkanes?

Alcohols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group, while haloalkanes contain a halogen (e.g., Cl, Br, I) functional group Signup and view all the answers

Organic Chemistry: Acid-Catalyzed Reactions and Oxidation

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