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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT an inorganic compound found in cells?
What is the approximate size of an average cell?
Which element is NOT one of the primary elements that form biomolecules in cells?
What is the most important inorganic compound found in cells?
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Which organic compound is the most important elementary building block of a cell?
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How many different cell types are there in mammals?
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How many cells are there in the human body?
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Which type of protein provides the body with its shape and form and is a source of heat and energy?
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What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
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Which of the following is a type of nucleic acid important for human metabolism?
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What is the main role of RNA in the cell?
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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
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What is the flow of information from nucleic acids to protein?
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
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Which organelle is responsible for breaking down organic materials to produce energy?
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Which organelle is responsible for packaging substances for distribution within the cell or throughout the body?
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Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is involved in intracellular digestion?
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Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and can be found both free-floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?
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Which organelle is responsible for maintaining the chromosome number during cell division and organizing microtubules?
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Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, as well as the storage of proteins and minerals?
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Which organelle is functionally associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and is responsible for packaging proteins in vesicles for excretion or internal use?
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During mitosis, a single cell divides into how many identical daughter cells?
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What happens to the DNA molecules when a cell is preparing for division?
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Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?
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What is the ploidy of somatic cells?
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How many sub-phases are there in mitosis?
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What is the ploidy of gametes in humans?
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What is the purpose of meiosis?
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How many daughter cells are produced by meiosis?
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What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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Study Notes
Cell Composition
- Inorganic compounds found in cells include water, salts, and acids.
- The most important inorganic compound found in cells is water.
- Organic compounds found in cells include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Cell Structure
- The average size of an average cell is approximately 10-30 micrometers.
- There are over 200 different cell types in mammals.
- There are approximately 37.2 trillion cells in the human body.
Biomolecules
- Primary elements that form biomolecules in cells include carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
- Phosphorus is also a key element in biomolecules.
- Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for cells.
- Proteins provide the body with shape and form, and are a source of heat and energy.
Nucleic Acids
- RNA is a type of nucleic acid important for human metabolism.
- The main role of RNA is to translate genetic information into proteins.
- DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid, while RNA is single-stranded.
- The flow of information from nucleic acids to protein is DNA → RNA → Protein.
Cell Membrane and Organelles
- The cell membrane is responsible for regulating the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
- The mitochondria is the organelle responsible for breaking down organic materials to produce energy.
- The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging substances for distribution within the cell or throughout the body.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are involved in intracellular digestion.
- Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis and can be found both free-floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- The centrioles are responsible for maintaining the chromosome number during cell division and organizing microtubules.
- The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, as well as the storage of proteins and minerals.
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum is functionally associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and is responsible for packaging proteins in vesicles for excretion or internal use.
Cell Division
- During mitosis, a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
- When a cell is preparing for division, the DNA molecules are replicated.
- Anaphase is the phase of mitosis that involves the separation of sister chromatids.
- Somatic cells have a ploidy of 2n.
- There are four sub-phases in mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- Gametes in humans have a ploidy of 1n.
- The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- Meiosis produces four daughter cells that are genetically unique.
- The main difference between mitosis and meiosis is the number of daughter cells produced and the ploidy of the resulting cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cytoplasmic organelles! Identify the organelles responsible for energy production, packaging substances, and waste elimination within a cell. Challenge yourself with questions on endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and more.
