Organelles Unleashed
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic compound found in cells?

  • Electrolytes
  • Water
  • Mineral salts
  • Proteins (correct)
  • What is the approximate size of an average cell?

  • 0.002 cm (correct)
  • 0.02 cm
  • 0.2 cm
  • 2 cm
  • Which element is NOT one of the primary elements that form biomolecules in cells?

  • Carbon
  • Oxygen
  • Hydrogen
  • hilum (correct)
  • What is the most important inorganic compound found in cells?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is the most important elementary building block of a cell?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different cell types are there in mammals?

    <p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cells are there in the human body?

    <p>100 trillion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein provides the body with its shape and form and is a source of heat and energy?

    <p>Structural protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

    <p>Short-term energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of nucleic acid important for human metabolism?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of RNA in the cell?

    <p>Act as a messenger conveying instructions from DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>RNA contains thymine, DNA contains uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flow of information from nucleic acids to protein?

    <p>DNA -&gt; mRNA -&gt; tRNA -&gt; rRNA -&gt; protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To control the passage of water and other materials into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for breaking down organic materials to produce energy?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for packaging substances for distribution within the cell or throughout the body?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is involved in intracellular digestion?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and can be found both free-floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for maintaining the chromosome number during cell division and organizing microtubules?

    <p>Centrosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, as well as the storage of proteins and minerals?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is functionally associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and is responsible for packaging proteins in vesicles for excretion or internal use?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During mitosis, a single cell divides into how many identical daughter cells?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the DNA molecules when a cell is preparing for division?

    <p>They condense to form chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ploidy of somatic cells?

    <p>Diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sub-phases are there in mitosis?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ploidy of gametes in humans?

    <p>Haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of meiosis?

    <p>To produce gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many daughter cells are produced by meiosis?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis shuffles the genes, while meiosis does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Composition

    • Inorganic compounds found in cells include water, salts, and acids.
    • The most important inorganic compound found in cells is water.
    • Organic compounds found in cells include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

    Cell Structure

    • The average size of an average cell is approximately 10-30 micrometers.
    • There are over 200 different cell types in mammals.
    • There are approximately 37.2 trillion cells in the human body.

    Biomolecules

    • Primary elements that form biomolecules in cells include carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
    • Phosphorus is also a key element in biomolecules.
    • Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for cells.
    • Proteins provide the body with shape and form, and are a source of heat and energy.

    Nucleic Acids

    • RNA is a type of nucleic acid important for human metabolism.
    • The main role of RNA is to translate genetic information into proteins.
    • DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid, while RNA is single-stranded.
    • The flow of information from nucleic acids to protein is DNA → RNA → Protein.

    Cell Membrane and Organelles

    • The cell membrane is responsible for regulating the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
    • The mitochondria is the organelle responsible for breaking down organic materials to produce energy.
    • The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging substances for distribution within the cell or throughout the body.
    • Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are involved in intracellular digestion.
    • Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis and can be found both free-floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • The centrioles are responsible for maintaining the chromosome number during cell division and organizing microtubules.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, as well as the storage of proteins and minerals.
    • The rough endoplasmic reticulum is functionally associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and is responsible for packaging proteins in vesicles for excretion or internal use.

    Cell Division

    • During mitosis, a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
    • When a cell is preparing for division, the DNA molecules are replicated.
    • Anaphase is the phase of mitosis that involves the separation of sister chromatids.
    • Somatic cells have a ploidy of 2n.
    • There are four sub-phases in mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
    • Gametes in humans have a ploidy of 1n.
    • The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
    • Meiosis produces four daughter cells that are genetically unique.
    • The main difference between mitosis and meiosis is the number of daughter cells produced and the ploidy of the resulting cells.

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    Cell Biology (2023) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on cytoplasmic organelles! Identify the organelles responsible for energy production, packaging substances, and waste elimination within a cell. Challenge yourself with questions on endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and more.

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