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Questions and Answers
Which system is responsible for breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients?
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
Which system is responsible for producing sex cells and supporting the development of a fetus?
Which organ system is responsible for exchange of gases and sound production?
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What is the function of the urinary bladder?
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Which organ system is responsible for eliminating waste and regulating blood composition and volume?
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Which organ system produces blood cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
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Which organ system detects, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment?
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What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
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Which organ system regulates body activities?
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Which organ system carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and waste away?
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Which of the following characteristics of life is defined as the production of new organisms and new cells?
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What is the primary function of the ovaries in the human body?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
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What is the term for the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the human body?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement of organisms for life?
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What is the term for the process by which the body breaks down food substances into simpler forms?
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Study Notes
Organ Systems
- Lymphatic system: composed of lymph fluid, vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils; functions in transportation of dietary lipids and protection.
- Respiratory system: composed of lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree; functions in exchange of gases, acid-base balance, and sound production.
- Digestive system: composed of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas; functions in breakdown of food, absorption of food, and elimination of wastes.
- Urinary system: composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; functions in eliminating waste, regulating blood composition and volume, and acid-base balance.
- Reproductive system: composed of bones, joints, and cartilage; functions in support, protection, body movement, production of blood cells, and storage of minerals and fats.
- Muscular system: composed of skeletal muscles; functions in body movement, posture, and generation of heat.
- Nervous system: composed of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs; functions in action potentials, detection, interpretation, and response to changes in environment.
- Endocrine system: composed of hormone-producing glands and cells; functions in regulating body activities.
- Cardiovascular system: composed of blood, heart, and blood vessels; functions in pumping blood, carrying oxygen and nutrients to cells, and regulating temperature, acid-base balance, and water.
Characteristics of Life
- Movement: change in position or motion.
- Responsiveness: reaction to a change.
- Growth: increase in body size, but no change in shape.
- Reproduction: production of new organisms and new cells.
- Respiration: obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods.
- Differentiation: unspecialized to specialized.
- Digestion: breakdown of food substances into simpler forms.
- Absorption: passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids.
- Circulation: movement of substances in body fluids.
- Assimilation: changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms.
- Excretion: removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions.
Maintenance of Life
- Life depends on five environmental factors: water, food, oxygen, heat, and pressure.
- Water: most abundant substance in body, required for metabolic processes, transport of substances, and regulation of body temperature.
- Food: provides necessary nutrients, supplies energy, and supplies raw materials.
- Oxygen: one-fifth of air, used to release energy from nutrients.
- Heat: a form of energy, partly controls rate of metabolic reactions.
- Pressure: application of force on an object, atmospheric pressure is important for breathing, and hydrostatic pressure keeps blood flowing.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal environment, "physiological normal".
- Involves maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids, including intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) fluids.
- Homeostatic control mechanisms involve components that regulate the body's internal environment.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the different organ systems in the human body, including the lymphatic, respiratory, and digestive systems. Learn about the components and functions of each system.
