Oral Surgery Instruments and Techniques

A low-speed, high-torque handpiece is used to remove bone during oral surgery, preventing damage.

Irrigation with distilled water or saline prevents bone damage during cutting with surgical burs.

Curved needles are typically used for suturing in the oral cavity.

A surgical curette is used to remove soft tissues from bony defects in oral surgery.

A bone file smooths the bone surface before closure during oral surgery.

A Kilner retractor is used to retract the cheek and mucoperiosteal flap simultaneously.

Non-resorbable sutures require removal after the surgical procedure.

Suture scissors are used to cut sutures during or after placement in oral surgery.

Irrigation during bone removal in oral surgery helps remove debris, cool the tools, and improve visibility, preventing thermal damage.

A tapered needle is better for penetrating dense tissue because it's less traumatic than a cutting needle.

Curved needles are used in oral surgery for reaching hard-to-access areas in the mouth.

The Kilner retractor elevates the mucoperiosteum during flap surgery, exposing the operative site.

Suction instruments remove blood, saliva, and debris to provide better visibility during oral surgery.

Irrigation is crucial when using surgical burs to prevent heat buildup and potential bone damage during bone removal.

A mouth mirror aids in visualizing oral structures during surgery.

Irrigation solutions cool the surgical area, prevent heat damage to bone, and improve visibility.

Plain gut sutures are absorbed by the body, simplifying post-op care.

A root can be pushed into the maxillary sinus during extraction due to excessive force or weakened bone.

Symptoms of sinus perforation after a root is pushed into the maxillary sinus can include sinusitis, nasal voice, and bubbles when exhaling.

Radiographs and endoscopy (and potentially MRI) are used to confirm a root in the maxillary sinus.

If a root is in the maxillary sinus, it needs to be removed (or extracted) to prevent complications.

Mandible fracture during extraction is often caused by excessive force, inappropriate technique, or existing conditions like pathological cysts.

Support the jaw and avoid excessive force to prevent T.M.J. dislocation.

Cowhorn forceps are designed for upper third molars with angled beaks.

Physic forceps provide a greater mechanical advantage and reduced trauma/fracture risks during extractions.

Lower molar extraction with cowhorn forceps involves a bucco-lingual rocking motion.

Soft tissue retraction exposes the tooth and surrounding area for efficient extraction.

The recommended grip technique uses a palm grasp with the right hand control by the little finger during forceps use.

The opposite hand, during extraction, reflects soft tissues for visibility and protects adjacent tissues.

Buccal/labial pressure is applied to stabilize the tooth in its socket for extraction.

Elevators are used to loosen teeth before applying forceps; they provide luxation, not direct removal.

Coupland's chisel elevates for bone splitting.

Elevators primarily work using the lever principle to lift teeth.

Do not leave it in place. Instead, perform a typical or atypical tooth extraction.

Attempt to replant if the tooth is intact.

Indicates a perforation of the maxillary sinus, not a normal healing process.

Caused by improper use of elevators (tools used to loosen teeth).

Minimized by avoiding excessive force and removing pathological tissues, not ignoring X-rays or removing teeth quickly

Gather essential information for accurate diagnosis, not to establish treatment plans outright.

Includes biographic data, chief complaint, medical history and systems review, not clinical examinations.

Use palpation, not inspection, percussion, or auscultation.

To confirm the diagnosis of lesions, not to visualize hard tissues, test tooth vitality, or withdraw fluids.

Provide pain relief in a specific area, not induce unconsciousness or enhance procedure duration.

Depends on duration of exposure and concentration, not temperature, age, or type of procedure.

Has quick onset of action, low systemic toxicity, minimal allergic reactions, and doesn't permanently alter nerve structure.

Acute inflammation at injection site and history of allergy to local anesthetic agents, not cognitive impairments or minor surgical procedures.

Altered sensation (e.g., tingling) after local anesthesia wears off.

Patients remain awake during procedures, not higher complication rates, complex equipment, or greater expense.