30 Questions
What is the primary function of the brain?
Control of body functions and physical processes
What is epilepsy characterized by?
Chronic recurrent, paroxysmal changes in neurologic function
What may cause seizures other than epilepsy?
Stress, sleep deprivation, fever, alcohol or drug withdrawal, and syncope
What is the most common cause of epilepsy?
Idiopathic factors
What is a possible consequence of cerebral damage?
Loss of consciousness and/or death
What is an example of a developmental abnormality that may cause epilepsy?
Cavernous malformation
What is the primary aim of diagnostic procedures like CT, MRI, and lumbar puncture in patients with seizures?
To identify the underlying cause of seizures
Which of the following anticonvulsant medications is known to decrease platelet aggregation?
Valproic acid
What is a common adverse effect of phenytoin and carbamazepine?
Leucopenia
What is a potential interaction to be aware of when administering erythromycin to a patient taking carbamazepine?
Toxic levels of carbamazepine
What is a potential adverse effect of long-term use of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid?
Bone marrow suppression
Why is gingival hyperplasia a concern in patients taking phenytoin?
It increases the risk of oral infections
What is the primary purpose of preventing hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cigarette smoking?
To reduce the risk of stroke
What is the purpose of administering anticoagulant medications such as heparin, coumarin, aspirin, and dipyridamole combined with aspirin (Aggrenox)?
To prevent further thrombosis or hemorrhage
What is the purpose of Doppler blood flow, EEG, cerebral angiography, CT, and MRI?
To diagnose the extent and location of arterial injury
What is the role of thrombolysis in stroke treatment?
To lyse the clot in cases of thrombosis or embolism
What is the purpose of blood sugar level and lipid level tests?
To identify risk factors in individuals
What is the immediate task in stroke management?
To sustain life during the period immediately after the stroke
What is the primary goal of administering corticosteroids acutely after a stroke?
To lessen cerebral edema that accompanies cerebral infarction
What type of therapy is initiated to reduce the risk of another stroke after the patient survives?
Preventive therapy
What is the increased risk of stroke associated with each of the conditions marked with an asterisk (*)?
A factor of 1.5
What is the purpose of identifying risk factors for stroke in dental management?
To encourage control of risk factors
What type of medication is prescribed to manage seizures that may accompany the postoperative course of stroke?
Anticonvulsants
What is the name of the medication class that reduces the risk of thrombosis?
Anticoagulants
What should be obtained from a patient who has had a stroke?
A thorough medical history
What type of dental care should be provided to a patient who has had a stroke, TIA, or RIND within the first 6 months?
Urgent care
What should be minimized in patients taking anticoagulant drugs?
Perioperative bleeding
What should be used to minimize hemorrhage during dental surgery?
Atraumatic surgery, pressure, and gelfoam
When should heparin be discontinued before surgery?
6 to 12 hours before surgery
Why should epinephrine be avoided in gingival retraction cord?
It may increase bleeding
Test your knowledge of central nervous system diseases, their effects on the body, and their relevance to oral surgery. Topics include epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and cerebrovascular accidents.
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