Oral Surgery: CNS Diseases and Epilepsy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the brain?

  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Storage of nutrients
  • Control of body functions and physical processes (correct)
  • Production of hormones

    • What is epilepsy characterized by?

  • Autoimmune disorder
  • Chronic recurrent, paroxysmal changes in neurologic function (correct)
  • Chronic inflammation of the brain
  • Permanent damage to brain tissue

    • What may cause seizures other than epilepsy?

  • Stress, sleep deprivation, fever, alcohol or drug withdrawal, and syncope (correct)
  • Nutritional deficiencies
  • Viral infections only
  • Hormonal imbalances

    • What is the most common cause of epilepsy?

    <p>Idiopathic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of cerebral damage?

    <p>Loss of consciousness and/or death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a developmental abnormality that may cause epilepsy?

    <p>Cavernous malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of diagnostic procedures like CT, MRI, and lumbar puncture in patients with seizures?

    <p>To identify the underlying cause of seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anticonvulsant medications is known to decrease platelet aggregation?

    <p>Valproic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of phenytoin and carbamazepine?

    <p>Leucopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential interaction to be aware of when administering erythromycin to a patient taking carbamazepine?

    <p>Toxic levels of carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of long-term use of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid?

    <p>Bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is gingival hyperplasia a concern in patients taking phenytoin?

    <p>It increases the risk of oral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of preventing hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cigarette smoking?

    <p>To reduce the risk of stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering anticoagulant medications such as heparin, coumarin, aspirin, and dipyridamole combined with aspirin (Aggrenox)?

    <p>To prevent further thrombosis or hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Doppler blood flow, EEG, cerebral angiography, CT, and MRI?

    <p>To diagnose the extent and location of arterial injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thrombolysis in stroke treatment?

    <p>To lyse the clot in cases of thrombosis or embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of blood sugar level and lipid level tests?

    <p>To identify risk factors in individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate task in stroke management?

    <p>To sustain life during the period immediately after the stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of administering corticosteroids acutely after a stroke?

    <p>To lessen cerebral edema that accompanies cerebral infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy is initiated to reduce the risk of another stroke after the patient survives?

    <p>Preventive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increased risk of stroke associated with each of the conditions marked with an asterisk (*)?

    <p>A factor of 1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying risk factors for stroke in dental management?

    <p>To encourage control of risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is prescribed to manage seizures that may accompany the postoperative course of stroke?

    <p>Anticonvulsants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the medication class that reduces the risk of thrombosis?

    <p>Anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be obtained from a patient who has had a stroke?

    <p>A thorough medical history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dental care should be provided to a patient who has had a stroke, TIA, or RIND within the first 6 months?

    <p>Urgent care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be minimized in patients taking anticoagulant drugs?

    <p>Perioperative bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to minimize hemorrhage during dental surgery?

    <p>Atraumatic surgery, pressure, and gelfoam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should heparin be discontinued before surgery?

    <p>6 to 12 hours before surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should epinephrine be avoided in gingival retraction cord?

    <p>It may increase bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

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