Oral Mucous Membrane Functions and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the final stage in maturation of epithelial cells?

  • Stratum cornium (correct)
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum basal
  • Stratum spinosum

    • What type of cells are shed from the epithelial layer, requiring constant turnover?

  • Non-keratinocytes
  • Epithelial squames (correct)
  • Keratinocytes
  • Merkel's cells

    • What is the characteristic of keratinocytes in terms of their arrangement?

  • They are arranged in different layers (correct)
  • They are arranged in scattered cells
  • They are arranged in a single layer
  • They are arranged in a random pattern

    • What is the function of keratinocytes during maturation?

    <p>They change to keratin or share in keratin formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of non-keratinocytes in terms of their staining?

    <p>They require special stains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of non-keratinocytes in terms of their arrangement?

    <p>They are arranged in scattered cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Langerhan's cells in terms of their shape?

    <p>They have small bodies with long slender and branched processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layers are Merkel's cells typically found?

    <p>Basal and parabasal layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the submucosa in the mouth?

    <p>To serve as an attachment for the lamina propria to the underlying bone or skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the lamina propria that comes into contact with the epithelium?

    <p>Papillary layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the avascular nature of the epithelium?

    <p>Its metabolic needs are met by the vessels of the lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the capillary loops found in the oral cavity?

    <p>In the papillary layer of the lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the deep plexus of vessels in the submucosa?

    <p>To give rise to a secondary plexus in the papillary layer of the lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the submucosa?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the submucosa in regards to the minor salivary glands?

    <p>It contains the glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in areas of the mouth where the submucosa is absent or limited?

    <p>The lamina propria is firmly attached to the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of melanocytes?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of melanocytes?

    <p>Pigmentation of basal keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the lamina densa?

    <p>Type IV collagen and laminin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the lamina lucida?

    <p>Toward the epithelial side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of melanophages?

    <p>Engulfing of melanosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of melanocytes in the epithelium?

    <p>Absence of tonofilaments and desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of connective tissue in the basement membrane?

    <p>It exerts control over the overlying epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure formed by the junction of epithelium, connective tissue, and basement membrane?

    <p>Basement membrane zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of papillae are found on the posterior third of the tongue?

    <p>Circumvallate papillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of salivary gland is associated with the circumvallate papillae?

    <p>Von Ebner salivary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mucosa is found on the floor of the mouth and the vestibular fornix?

    <p>Loosely attached mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lingual tonsil?

    <p>To protect the tongue from infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is found on the ventral surface of the tongue?

    <p>Thin, non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelium at the mucogingival junction?

    <p>Few or no epithelial ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the connective tissue at the mucogingival junction?

    <p>Loose, irregular collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the submucosa at the vestibular fornix?

    <p>Thick, elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelium on the firmly attached mucosa?

    <p>Thin, non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with prominent epithelial ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Weber salivary gland?

    <p>To produce saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the oral mucous membrane?

    <p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the oral mucosa?

    <p>Nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of papillae in the lamina propria?

    <p>To enhance mechanical adhesion between epithelium and lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the oral mucosa is responsible for producing saliva?

    <p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the reticular layer in the lamina propria?

    <p>To predominate in areas of lining mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is responsible for the gagging reflex?

    <p>Pain receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which animals regulate temperature through evaporation of water?

    <p>Panting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a masticatory mucosa?

    <p>Gingiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Epithelium

    • The final stage of maturation in keratinized epithelium is the cornified layer, where cells are termed epithelial squames that shed, necessitating constant turnover.
    • Keratinized epithelium consists of stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basal.
    • Non-keratinized epithelium lacks a stratum corneum and stratum granulosum.

    Keratinocytes

    • Keratinocytes constitute the major part of epithelial cells and are arranged in different layers.
    • During maturation, they either change to keratin or participate in keratin formation.
    • Keratinocytes have the following characteristics: • Always present in sheets and attached to each other by one or more types of cellular junctions. • Cytoplasm is stained with H&E. • Cytoplasm contains tonofilaments.

    Non-Keratinocytes

    • Non-keratinocytes are present in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium and have the following characteristics: • Appear as clear cells by ordinary H&E stain and require special stains. • Present as scattered cells and not in sheets. • A clear halo around their nuclei. • Cytoplasm is free from tonofilaments. • No cellular junctions. • Do not play a role in synthesizing keratohyaline granules or keratin.

    Non-Keratinocyte Types

    • Pigment cells (melanocytes) have a small body with long, slender, and branched processes, and contain melanin.
    • Langerhans cells have a similar shape, contain granules (Langerhans granules), and are located in the basal and parabasal layers.
    • Merkel cells have no long processes, contain small membrane-bound granules, and are located in the basal and parabasal layers.

    Junction of Epithelium and Connective Tissue

    • Connective tissue, with its inductive properties, exerts control over the overlying epithelium.
    • The basement membrane consists of three parts: lamina lucida, lamina densa, and lamina reticularis.
    • Type IV collagen and laminin are major components of the lamina densa.
    • The blood supply consists of a deep plexus of large vessels in the submucosa, which gives rise to a secondary plexus in the papillary layer of the lamina propria.

    Lamina Propria

    • The lamina propria consists of the papillary layer and reticular layer, below which is the submucosa.
    • The lamina propria may be directly attached to the periosteum of alveolar bone or overlay the submucosa.
    • Submucosa contains glands, blood vessels, nerves, and adipose tissue.

    Submucosa

    • Submucosa is formed of connective tissue, which determines whether the mucous membrane is loosely or firmly attached to the underlying structure.
    • Submucosa serves primarily as an attachment for the lamina propria to the underlying bone or skeletal muscle.
    • Submucosa is found in the cheeks, lips, and parts of the palate, and is a less dense component than the lamina propria.

    Functions of Oral Mucosa

    • The oral mucosa has the following functions: • Protection: protects deeper tissues and structures from mechanical, thermal, and chemical agents. • Sensation: senses temperature, touch, pain, taste, and other sensations. • Secretion: produces saliva. • Thermal regulation: regulates temperature through evaporation of water.

    Histological Structure of Oral Mucosa

    • The oral mucosa consists of two major components: oral epithelium and lamina propria.
    • The lamina propria is divided into the papillary layer and reticular layer.
    • In areas where mechanical adhesion between the epithelium and lamina propria is required, an increase in the number and length of papillae is seen (masticatory mucosa).

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