Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary treatment for moderate to severe cases of oral mucosal lesions?
What is the primary treatment for moderate to severe cases of oral mucosal lesions?
- Nonsteroidal immunosuppressive agents
- Custom-made mouth guards
- Corticosteroids (correct)
- Topical steroids
Which of the following topical steroids is considered high-potency?
Which of the following topical steroids is considered high-potency?
- Triamcinolone
- Hydrocortisone
- Fluocinonide (correct)
- Clobetasol (correct)
What condition is dermatitis herpetiformis primarily associated with?
What condition is dermatitis herpetiformis primarily associated with?
- Contact allergy
- Linear IgA disease
- Celiac disease (correct)
- Discoid lupus erythematosus
Which type of lesions are characteristic of bullous pemphigoid?
Which type of lesions are characteristic of bullous pemphigoid?
Which immunosuppressive agent is known to reduce steroid use in severe cases?
Which immunosuppressive agent is known to reduce steroid use in severe cases?
What type of agents may be used if standard therapy for mucosal lesions fails?
What type of agents may be used if standard therapy for mucosal lesions fails?
Which two medications mentioned may help improve the effectiveness of treatment?
Which two medications mentioned may help improve the effectiveness of treatment?
In which condition do bullae appear on the gingiva and soft palate?
In which condition do bullae appear on the gingiva and soft palate?
What is the treatment approach for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)?
What is the treatment approach for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)?
Which of the following conditions is NOT included as a differential diagnosis for lupus erythematosus?
Which of the following conditions is NOT included as a differential diagnosis for lupus erythematosus?
What is a common treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
What is a common treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
What histopathological feature is commonly observed in focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis?
What histopathological feature is commonly observed in focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis?
Which species is most commonly associated with oral candidiasis?
Which species is most commonly associated with oral candidiasis?
What can result from fungal hyphae penetrating the epithelium in oral candidiasis?
What can result from fungal hyphae penetrating the epithelium in oral candidiasis?
What type of lesion is nicotine stomatitis primarily linked to?
What type of lesion is nicotine stomatitis primarily linked to?
Which of the following clinical features is typical of nicotine stomatitis?
Which of the following clinical features is typical of nicotine stomatitis?
Which treatment is effective for most cases of candidiasis?
Which treatment is effective for most cases of candidiasis?
Which of the following is NOT a common predisposing condition for candidiasis?
Which of the following is NOT a common predisposing condition for candidiasis?
What is the primary treatment recommended for focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis?
What is the primary treatment recommended for focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis?
What histopathological change is observed in lesions associated with smokeless tobacco?
What histopathological change is observed in lesions associated with smokeless tobacco?
Which medication is generally used for refractory cases of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)?
Which medication is generally used for refractory cases of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)?
What primarily causes white lesions in the oral cavity?
What primarily causes white lesions in the oral cavity?
Which factor is NOT associated with the risk of developing dysplasia and neoplasia due to smokeless tobacco use?
Which factor is NOT associated with the risk of developing dysplasia and neoplasia due to smokeless tobacco use?
Which type of epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by IgG deposits?
Which type of epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by IgG deposits?
What is leukoedema commonly regarded as?
What is leukoedema commonly regarded as?
What is a primary diagnostic method for both nicotine stomatitis and focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis?
What is a primary diagnostic method for both nicotine stomatitis and focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis?
What predictive characteristic can indicate a higher risk of malignant potential in smokeless tobacco lesions?
What predictive characteristic can indicate a higher risk of malignant potential in smokeless tobacco lesions?
Which genetic condition is linked to a mutation in the NLRP1 gene?
Which genetic condition is linked to a mutation in the NLRP1 gene?
Which of the following factors has not been proven to cause epidermolysis bullosa?
Which of the following factors has not been proven to cause epidermolysis bullosa?
What type of epidermolysis bullosa encompasses multiple genetic varieties?
What type of epidermolysis bullosa encompasses multiple genetic varieties?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of leukoedema?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of leukoedema?
Epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by what primary clinical feature?
Epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by what primary clinical feature?
What is a common appearance of Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis in patients?
What is a common appearance of Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis in patients?
Which type of candidiasis is primarily associated with older patients who use dentures?
Which type of candidiasis is primarily associated with older patients who use dentures?
What clinical manifestation suggests Chronic Erythematous Candidiasis?
What clinical manifestation suggests Chronic Erythematous Candidiasis?
What is a common risk factor for developing Acute Erythematous Candidiasis?
What is a common risk factor for developing Acute Erythematous Candidiasis?
Which treatment is recommended for managing oral candidiasis symptoms?
Which treatment is recommended for managing oral candidiasis symptoms?
What histopathological finding is associated with Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis?
What histopathological finding is associated with Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis?
Which form of candidiasis resembles leukoplakia?
Which form of candidiasis resembles leukoplakia?
What clinical feature distinguishes Acute Erythematous Candidiasis from others?
What clinical feature distinguishes Acute Erythematous Candidiasis from others?
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Study Notes
Oral Mucosal Lesions
- Linear IgA disease and Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) present with bullae and erosions on oral surfaces, including gingiva and soft palate.
- Treatment includes corticosteroids; prednisone is used for moderate to severe cases while topical steroids are recommended for mild cases.
- Custom-made mouth guards may aid in topical medication retention, especially for gingival involvement.
- High-potency topical steroids: clobetasol, betamethasone dipropionate, fluocinonide, desoximetasone.
- Additional systemic treatments include tetracycline, niacinamide, sulfapyridine, and dapsone for resistant cases.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
- Characterized as a vesiculobullous disease with intense pruritus.
- Often associated with celiac disease; shows autoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase.
- Granular IgA deposits are found in the papillary dermis and antibodies to type VII collagen.
Epidermolysis Bullosa
- Refers to a group of conditions leading to blister formation from minor trauma, encompassing both acquired and hereditary forms.
- Acquired form can be triggered by specific medications, with IgG deposits in sub-basement membrane zone.
- Includes types like dystrophic, junctional, and simplex varities.
Leukoedema
- Mild opacification of buccal mucosa regarded as a normal variant; asymptomatic.
- Clinical features show a gray-white, diffuse, milky surface.
Focal (Frictional) Hyperkeratosis
- Caused by chronic friction against oral mucosa, creating white lesions.
- Histopathology reveals parakeratosis and inflammatory infiltration.
- Treatment typically involves cessation of irritative habits, such as tobacco use.
Nicotine Stomatitis
- A tobacco-related keratosis appearing as white lesions, often located on lips and buccal mucosa.
- Related to pipe and cigar smoking; lesions are a result of chronic irritation.
- Diagnosis relies on clinical history and examination, with cessation of tobacco leading to improvement.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Two common forms include systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), both with potential oral manifestations.
- DLE is treated with topical corticosteroids; refractory cases may require antimalarials.
- SLE treatment often involves systemic steroids, immunosuppressants, and NSAIDs.
Candidiasis
- An opportunistic oral fungal infection commonly caused by Candida albicans.
- Three forms: Pseudomembranous (Thrush), Erythematous, and Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis.
- Diagnosis involves differentiating from chemical burns, white keratinized lesions, and syphilis.
Mucosal Burns
- Common superficial burns result from topical application of chemicals like aspirin or thermal injuries.
- Clinical features range from localized erythema to slough/membranous necrosis.
- Histopathology shows coagulative necrosis of the epithelium and intense inflammation.
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