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Questions and Answers
What is the most common mechanism of drug absorption?
What is the most common mechanism of drug absorption?
Which factor does NOT influence drug absorption?
Which factor does NOT influence drug absorption?
Which dosage forms are exceptions to the USP disintegration guidelines?
Which dosage forms are exceptions to the USP disintegration guidelines?
What is dissolution in the context of drug absorption?
What is dissolution in the context of drug absorption?
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What is the dissolution medium pH range described in USP chapter for oral drug absorption testing?
What is the dissolution medium pH range described in USP chapter for oral drug absorption testing?
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What is the most common apparatus described in USP for dissolution testing in oral drug absorption?
What is the most common apparatus described in USP for dissolution testing in oral drug absorption?
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What is the rate-limiting step for low water soluble (hydrophobic) drugs in oral drug absorption?
What is the rate-limiting step for low water soluble (hydrophobic) drugs in oral drug absorption?
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What is the rate-limiting step for high water soluble (hydrophilic) drugs in oral drug absorption?
What is the rate-limiting step for high water soluble (hydrophilic) drugs in oral drug absorption?
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What is the most rapid absorbing oral dosage form among solutions, suspensions, capsules, and tablets?
What is the most rapid absorbing oral dosage form among solutions, suspensions, capsules, and tablets?
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What must happen before absorption can take place in solid dosage forms like capsules and tablets?
What must happen before absorption can take place in solid dosage forms like capsules and tablets?
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What does bioavailability indicate for oral products?
What does bioavailability indicate for oral products?
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What does bioequivalence refer to in relation to drug formulations?
What does bioequivalence refer to in relation to drug formulations?
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What are the three indices of bioavailability?
What are the three indices of bioavailability?
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What does the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) classify based on?
What does the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) classify based on?
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What is the plasma concentration time-curve difference between controlled-release and immediate release products?
What is the plasma concentration time-curve difference between controlled-release and immediate release products?
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What is the rate-limiting step for low water soluble (hydrophobic) drugs in oral drug absorption?
What is the rate-limiting step for low water soluble (hydrophobic) drugs in oral drug absorption?
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Study Notes
Drug Absorption Mechanisms
- Passive diffusion is the most common mechanism for drug absorption.
- Factors such as formulation, pH, and lipid solubility impact drug absorption; however, the size of the tablet does not influence absorption.
Dosage Forms and USP Guidelines
- Certain controlled-release formulations are exceptions to USP disintegration guidelines, allowing them to bypass standard criteria.
Dissolution and Drug Absorption
- Dissolution refers to the process of a drug dissolving in a solvent, which is crucial for absorption to occur.
- The pH range for the dissolution medium as identified in USP chapters for oral drug absorption testing is typically between 1.2 and 7.5.
Dissolution Testing
- USP describes the use of the paddle apparatus as the most common setup for dissolution testing of oral drug formulations.
Rate-Limiting Steps in Absorption
- For low water-soluble (hydrophobic) drugs, the rate-limiting step in oral absorption is often dissolution in the gastrointestinal fluid.
- High water-soluble (hydrophilic) drugs are generally limited by permeability across biological membranes.
Oral Dosage Form Absorption Rates
- Solutions are the most rapidly absorbing oral dosage forms, followed by suspensions, capsules, and tablets.
Solid Dosage Forms and Absorption
- Before absorption can occur, solid dosage forms like capsules and tablets must undergo disintegration and dissolution.
Bioavailability and Bioequivalence
- Bioavailability signifies the proportion of a drug that enters systemic circulation following administration, indicating absorption efficiency.
- Bioequivalence refers to the comparison that determines if two formulations produce the same concentration of the drug in blood and tissues over time.
Indices of Bioavailability
- The three indices of bioavailability include the extent of absorption (AUC), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and time to reach peak concentration (Tmax).
Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)
- The BCS classifies drugs based on their solubility and permeability characteristics, aiding in predicting absorption behavior.
Plasma Concentration-Time Curves
- Controlled-release formulations display a prolonged plasma concentration-time curve compared to immediate-release products, which show a rapid peak followed by a quick decline.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the factors influencing oral drug absorption with this quiz. Explore the impact of molecular size, shape, ionization, and lipid solubility on the process of drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
