Oral Communication Elements Review

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a performative utterance?

It enacts a change through the act of speaking (correct)

It expresses the speaker's beliefs

It conveys information without action

It only serves to inform the listener

Which type of speech act tries to elicit an action from the listener?

Expressive

Assertive

Commissive

Directive (correct)

In Schramm's model of communication, what role does feedback play?

It diminishes the importance of the message

It is an optional component of the communication process

It is the listener's response monitored by the speaker (correct)

It serves as a barrier to effective communication

What is NOT true about active listening?

It can be done passively Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an assertive speech act?

It describes beliefs about the truth of a proposition Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the term 'noise' in the encoding and decoding process?

Any interference that impacts communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines illocutionary acts?

Acts that produce a specific effect in the listener Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence in the Shannon-Weaver Communication Model?

Source-transmitter-channel-receiver-destination Signup and view all the answers

Which model of communication emphasizes the necessity of overlap in the Field of Experience between the Speaker and Listener?

Schramm's Model Signup and view all the answers

In which situation does communication primarily fail?

When the Listener does not actively listen Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as a barrier to communication?

Noise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is considered ineffective in preventing communication breakdowns?

Withholding personal judgments Signup and view all the answers

How is non-verbal communication primarily expressed?

Through facial expressions and gestures Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the language that conveys meaning through spatial relationships?

Proxemics Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the 'how' of saying something in communication?

Paralanguage Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication function is primarily aimed at changing another person's opinion or behavior?

Motivation Signup and view all the answers

Which element of communication describes the medium through which the encoded message is conveyed?

Channel Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of communication that facilitates people's expression of their feelings?

Emotional expression Signup and view all the answers

In which type of speech does one person act as both the sender and receiver of the message?

Intrapersonal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered a barrier to effective communication?

Channel selection Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication involves face-to-face interaction among three to twelve individuals?

Small Group Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of communication is specifically related to the use of spoken words?

Oral Signup and view all the answers

Which element is responsible for the interpretation of an encoded message by the receiver?

Decoding Signup and view all the answers

What is the communication function that focuses on controlling behavior?

Control Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Elements of Communication

Speaker: The source of information or message.
Message: Information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker through words or actions.
Encoding: Converting the message into a form that the speaker understands, typically words or actions.
Decoding: Interpreting the encoded message by the receiver.
Channel: The medium (personal/non-personal, verbal/nonverbal) used to convey the encoded message.
Listener: The recipient who decodes the message.
Feedback: Reactions or responses provided by the receiver after decoding the message.
Context: The situation surrounding the communication, including physical (environment) and psychological (participants' mindset).
Noise/Barrier: Factors affecting communication flow, categorized into physical (actual noise) and physiological (body hindrances).

Functions of Communication

Control: Used to influence behavior.
Social Interaction: Enables interaction among individuals.
Motivation: Encourages improvement in personal lives.
Emotional Expression: Allows expression of feelings and emotions.
Information Dissemination: Conveys information effectively.

Dimensions of Communication

Verbal: Utilization of words to relay messages.
Non-Verbal: Use of behaviors to convey meanings.
Oral: Focused on spoken communication.
Written: Involves the act of writing for communication.

Types of Speech

Intrapersonal: Communication within a person, acting as both sender and receiver.
Interpersonal: Communication between individuals, fostering personal relationships.
Small Group: Involves 3 to 12 people in face-to-face interaction for goal achievement.
Public: Delivery of messages to a larger audience for informational or persuasive purposes.
Mass Communication: Involves transmission through various media such as TV, radio, and the internet.

Speech Acts

Definition: An utterance made to achieve a specific effect.
Functions: Includes apologies, greetings, requests, complaints, invitations, compliments, or refusals.

Types of Speech Acts

Locutionary: The act of uttering.
Illocutionary: The social function of what is said.
Perlocutionary: The effect of what is said, dependent on context.
Performative: Statements that enable action by stating it, leading to changes in the world when made by the right person in appropriate circumstances.

Searle's Classification of Speech Acts

Assertive: Expresses beliefs about truths.
Directive: Attempts to make the receiver perform an action.
Commissive: Commits the speaker to future actions.
Expressive: Communicates the speaker's feelings or emotional reactions.

Active Listening and Communication Breakdown

Active Listening: Requires full concentration, understanding, responding, and remembering.
Communication Failure: Occurs when the decoder is not actively listening.
Noise: Any barrier hindering communication.

Communication Models

Feedback Inclusion: Schramm's model includes feedback as a listener's response.
Linear Process: Shannon-Weaver model is source-transmitter-channel-receiver-destination.
Field of Experience: Schramm's model asserts communication thrives on overlapping experiences of speaker and listener.

Communication Style and Strategy

Formal: Attention to appropriateness in communication settings and attire.
Informal: More casual communication lacking strict formalities.
Intentional: Communication aims to achieve a specific purpose.

Non-Verbal Communication

Proxemics: Language of space and physical distance in communication.
Paralanguage: The "how" of speaking that conveys tone and emotion.
Facial Expressions: Configuration of facial features aiding in message conveyance.

Instances of Communication

Regulation and Control: Teacher looking sharply at noisy students or directing evacuation during emergencies.
Social Interaction: Casual conversations about past events or playful teasing among coworkers.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the fundamental elements of communication, including speaker, message, encoding, decoding, and channel. Understanding these concepts is crucial for effective oral communication. Test your knowledge and comprehension of these key components.