Oral Cavity: Head and Neck Pathology
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Questions and Answers

What is a type of tumor that arises from odontogenic epithelium and mesenchyme?

  • Keratocystic odontogenic tumor
  • Ameloblastoma
  • Radicular cyst
  • Odontoma (correct)

    • What is the term for a type of ulcer that can occur in the oral cavity?

  • Irritation fibroma
  • Peripheral ossifying fibroma
  • Pyogenic granuloma
  • Aphthous ulcer (correct)

    • What is the term for a white patch that can occur in the oral cavity?

  • Erythroplakia
  • Hairy leukoplakia
  • Leukoplakia (correct)
  • Oral candidiasis

    • What is a type of inflammatory lesion that can occur in the nose and nasopharynx?

    <p>Infectious rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of oral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus?

    <p>Oral herpes simplex infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of cyst that can occur in the jawbone?

    <p>Dentigerous cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of oral lesion characterized by a red patch?

    <p>Erythroplakia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of tumor that arises from odontogenic epithelium?

    <p>Ameloblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of salivary gland tumors arise within the parotid gland?

    <p>65-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of benign salivary gland neoplasm?

    <p>Pleomorphic adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of tumors in the submandibular gland are malignant?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range in which benign tumors most often appear?

    <p>Fifth to seventh decades of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of pleomorphic adenoma that leads to recurrences?

    <p>Incomplete encapsulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of the cut surface of a pleomorphic adenoma?

    <p>Gray-white with myxoid and blue translucent areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of salivary gland tumors occur in children younger than 16 years old?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of malignant salivary gland neoplasm?

    <p>Mucoepidermoid carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Hypersensitivity reactions to allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are prominent in the leukocytic infiltration of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of repeated attacks of acute rhinitis?

    <p>Chronic rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical cause of infectious rhinitis?

    <p>One or more viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of nasal polyps?

    <p>Focal protrusions of the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of the mucosa in chronic rhinitis?

    <p>Superficial desquamation or ulceration of the mucosal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of tumor that can occur in the salivary glands?

    <p>Pleomorphic adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cell type in the inflammatory infiltrate of chronic rhinitis?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for inflammation of the gums?

    <p>Gingivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a disease that affects the ears?

    <p>Otosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chapter in the Robbins and Cotran textbook that discusses the oral cavity?

    <p>Chapter 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the mucosal covering of nasal polyps in the absence of bacterial infection?

    <p>Intact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of cyst that occurs in the neck?

    <p>Branchial cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of tumor that can occur in the salivary glands?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of large or multiple nasal polyps?

    <p>Impaired sinus drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of inflammatory lesion that can occur in the nose?

    <p>Reactive nodule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial elements in pleomorphic adenoma?

    <p>They are arranged in duct formations, acini, and irregular tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location of Warthin tumors?

    <p>Parotid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lymphoid stroma in Warthin tumors?

    <p>It is dense and sometimes bears germinal centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of developing Warthin tumors in smokers compared to nonsmokers?

    <p>8 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lining cells in Warthin tumors?

    <p>They are a double layer of neoplastic epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the biologic behavior of pleomorphic adenoma?

    <p>It is the same regardless of the composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical localization of adenoid cystic carcinoma?

    <p>Minor salivary gland, typically in the palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the gross appearance of Warthin tumors?

    <p>They are round to oval encapsulated masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oral Cavity

    • Caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis are oral diseases that can be characterized and defined.
    • Oral inflammatory and reactive lesions include:
      • Aphthous ulcers
      • Irritation fibromas
      • Peripheral ossifying fibromas
      • Pyogenic granulomas
      • Peripheral giant cell granulomas
    • These lesions have distinct etiopathogenesis, morphology, and clinical significance.
    • Oral herpes simplex infection and oral candidiasis (thrush) are two common oral infections that can be described in terms of risk factors, morphologic changes, and clinical features.
    • Oral manifestations of systemic diseases include:
      • Infectious diseases
      • Dermatologic conditions
      • Hematologic disorders
    • Hairy leukoplakia is a brief characteristic of oral manifestations of systemic diseases.

    Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia

    • Leukoplakia and erythroplakia are two terms that can be defined and characterized.
    • Morphologic features of leukoplakia include:
      • White patches or plaques on the oral mucosa
      • Cannot be rubbed off or removed
    • Clinical significance of leukoplakia includes:
      • Potential to develop into oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
      • Requires regular monitoring and biopsy
    • Erythroplakia is a red, velvety patch on the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off or removed.

    Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

    • Oral SCC is a type of cancer that can be described in terms of etiopathogenesis, morphology, and clinical consequences.
    • Morphologic features of oral SCC include:
      • Invasion of tumor cells into the surrounding tissue
      • Differentiation of tumor cells into keratin-producing cells
    • Clinical consequences of oral SCC include:
      • Local invasion and destruction of tissue
      • Metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs
    • Differences between HPV-associated and non-associated SCC include:
      • HPV-associated SCC is more common in younger patients and has a better prognosis
      • Non-associated SCC is more common in older patients and has a poorer prognosis

    Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors

    • Odontogenic cysts and tumors include:
      • Inflammatory odontogenic cysts (e.g. dentigerous cyst, radicular cyst)
      • Developmental odontogenic cysts (e.g. keratocystic odontogenic tumor)
      • Tumors of odontogenic epithelium (e.g. odontomas, ameloblastomas)
      • Tumors of odontogenic mesenchyme (e.g. odontogenic fibroma)
      • Tumors of odontogenic epithelium and mesenchyme (e.g. odontogenic myxoma)
    • Odontomas are benign tumors that arise from the dental pulp and can be characterized.
    • Ameloblastomas are benign tumors that arise from the enamel organ and can be characterized.

    Nose and Nasopharynx

    • Inflammatory lesions of the nose and nasopharynx include:
      • Infectious rhinitis (common cold)
      • Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
      • Chronic rhinitis
      • Nasal polyps
      • Sinusitis
      • Pharyngitis
      • Tonsillitis
    • Infectious rhinitis is caused by viruses and can evoke a profuse catarrhal discharge.
    • Allergic rhinitis is initiated by hypersensitivity reactions to allergens and can cause marked mucosal edema, redness, and mucus secretion.
    • Chronic rhinitis is a sequel to repeated attacks of acute rhinitis, with the eventual development of superimposed bacterial infection.

    Salivary Gland Neoplasms

    • Salivary gland neoplasms can be classified into benign and malignant tumors.
    • Benign salivary gland neoplasms include:
      • Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor)
      • Warthin tumor
      • Oncocytoma
      • Other adenomas
    • Malignant salivary gland neoplasms include:
      • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
      • Adenocarcinoma (NOS)
      • Acinic cell carcinoma
      • Adenoid cystic carcinoma
      • Malignant mixed tumor
      • Squamous cell carcinoma
    • Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor that consists of a mixture of ductal and myoepithelial cells, and can be characterized.
    • Warthin tumor is a benign tumor that arises almost exclusively in the parotid gland, and can be characterized.
    • Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor that affects mostly minor salivary glands, and can be characterized.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the definition and characterization of caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis, as well as the description of oral inflammatory and reactive lesions.

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