Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following glands is located inferior and anterior to the ears?
Which of the following glands is located inferior and anterior to the ears?
- Sublingual glands
- Submandibular glands
- Parotid glands (correct)
- Minor salivary glands
The labial frenulum is a small bridle that connects the inner surface of the lips to the gums.
The labial frenulum is a small bridle that connects the inner surface of the lips to the gums.
True (A)
What are the three major salivary glands?
What are the three major salivary glands?
Parotid glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands
The muscle responsible for keeping food positioned between the upper and lower teeth during chewing is called the ______.
The muscle responsible for keeping food positioned between the upper and lower teeth during chewing is called the ______.
Match the following glands with their locations:
Match the following glands with their locations:
Which intrinsic muscle of the tongue is NOT mentioned?
Which intrinsic muscle of the tongue is NOT mentioned?
The orbicularis oris muscle is responsible for facilitating speech.
The orbicularis oris muscle is responsible for facilitating speech.
The ______ muscles move the tongue side to side and in and out, helping in the chewing process.
The ______ muscles move the tongue side to side and in and out, helping in the chewing process.
What is the function of the submandibular glands?
What is the function of the submandibular glands?
The enamel covers the dentin of the root of the tooth.
The enamel covers the dentin of the root of the tooth.
What provides the primary shape and rigidity to a tooth?
What provides the primary shape and rigidity to a tooth?
Humans have two sets of teeth: ________ and permanent.
Humans have two sets of teeth: ________ and permanent.
Match the following dental terms with their descriptions:
Match the following dental terms with their descriptions:
At approximately what age do deciduous teeth begin to erupt?
At approximately what age do deciduous teeth begin to erupt?
The tongue is made up of smooth muscle.
The tongue is made up of smooth muscle.
What structure connects the root of the tooth to the periodontal ligament?
What structure connects the root of the tooth to the periodontal ligament?
The esophagus is a ____ muscular tube about 25 cm long.
The esophagus is a ____ muscular tube about 25 cm long.
How many permanent teeth do humans have?
How many permanent teeth do humans have?
What is the upper portion of the esophagus called that regulates the movement of food from the pharynx?
What is the upper portion of the esophagus called that regulates the movement of food from the pharynx?
The pharynx is strictly involved in the process of digestion.
The pharynx is strictly involved in the process of digestion.
What is the primary function of the nasopharynx?
What is the primary function of the nasopharynx?
The esophagus passes through the inferior aspect of the neck and enters the mediastinum anterior to the __________.
The esophagus passes through the inferior aspect of the neck and enters the mediastinum anterior to the __________.
Match the parts of the pharynx with their primary functions:
Match the parts of the pharynx with their primary functions:
Where does the esophagus ultimately end?
Where does the esophagus ultimately end?
The lower esophageal sphincter controls the entry of food into the pharynx.
The lower esophageal sphincter controls the entry of food into the pharynx.
What shape is the stomach referred to as?
What shape is the stomach referred to as?
The __________ is a funnel-shaped tube that extends from the choanae to the esophagus.
The __________ is a funnel-shaped tube that extends from the choanae to the esophagus.
Which part of the pharynx is primarily involved in digestion?
Which part of the pharynx is primarily involved in digestion?
What structure divides the liver into its two principal lobes?
What structure divides the liver into its two principal lobes?
The tail of the liver is the widest part of the organ.
The tail of the liver is the widest part of the organ.
What are the three regions of the small intestine?
What are the three regions of the small intestine?
The ______ portion of the digestive canal is about 1.5 m long and 6.5 cm wide.
The ______ portion of the digestive canal is about 1.5 m long and 6.5 cm wide.
Match the following parts of the liver with their descriptions:
Match the following parts of the liver with their descriptions:
Which part of the small intestine begins at the pyloric sphincter?
Which part of the small intestine begins at the pyloric sphincter?
The liver is suspended from the diaphragm by the falciform ligament.
The liver is suspended from the diaphragm by the falciform ligament.
What is the total length of the large intestine?
What is the total length of the large intestine?
The liver has two main lobes, the large right lobe and the ______ left lobe.
The liver has two main lobes, the large right lobe and the ______ left lobe.
Match the following ligaments to their functions:
Match the following ligaments to their functions:
What is the primary function of the greater omentum?
What is the primary function of the greater omentum?
The falciform ligament is shaped like a sickle and is responsible for attaching the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.
The falciform ligament is shaped like a sickle and is responsible for attaching the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.
What type of tissue is generally found in the greater omentum?
What type of tissue is generally found in the greater omentum?
The lesser omentum connects the stomach and duodenum to the ______.
The lesser omentum connects the stomach and duodenum to the ______.
Match the following anatomical structures with their descriptions:
Match the following anatomical structures with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands
- Lips are fleshy folds that surround the mouth's opening, containing the orbicularis oris muscle.
- Inner surface of lips is anchored to gums by the labial frenulum.
- Buccinator muscles help keep food between teeth during chewing and aid in speech.
- Minor salivary glands include labial, buccal, palatal, and lingual glands.
- Major salivary glands consist of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
Teeth Structure
- Dentin forms most of the tooth's internal structure, providing shape and rigidity.
- Enamel, primarily made of calcium phosphate and carbonate, covers the dentin of the crown.
- Cement covers the root's dentin, attaching it to the periodontal ligament.
Tongue
- Composed of skeletal muscle and mucous membrane, forming the oral cavity floor.
- Divided into two symmetrical halves by a median septum, each with extrinsic and intrinsic muscles.
- Extrinsic muscles (hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus) facilitate movement for chewing and swallowing.
Dentition
- Humans have deciduous (primary) and permanent (secondary) teeth; deciduous ones start erupting around 6 months, totaling 20.
- Permanent teeth replace deciduous ones between ages 6 and 12, culminating in 32 permanent teeth.
Esophagus
- A collapsible muscle tube about 25 cm long, connecting the throat to the stomach.
- Begins at the laryngopharynx and passes through the neck into the mediastinum.
- Regulated by upper and lower esophageal sphincters, controlling food passage from pharynx to esophagus and esophagus to stomach.
Pharynx
- A funnel-shaped tube extending from the nasal cavity to the esophagus, involved in respiration and digestion.
- Consists of three parts: nasopharynx (respiration), oropharynx (digestion and respiration), and laryngopharynx.
Stomach
- A J-shaped enlargement of the digestive tract located inferior to the diaphragm, connecting to the esophagus.
- Composed of four regions: head, neck, body, and tail.
- Divided into two lobes by the falciform ligament.
Small Intestine
- Long tube where most digestion and nutrient absorption occur, beginning at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach.
- Divided into three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Large Intestine
- Terminal portion of the digestive canal measuring about 1.5 m long and 6.5 cm in diameter.
Major Peritoneal Folds
- Greater Omentum: Longest peritoneal fold acting like a fatty apron, draping over the transverse colon and small intestine, containing adipose tissue and lymph nodes.
- Falciform Ligament: Attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.
Anus
- Opening to the external environment, monitored by the internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle) and external anal sphincter (skeletal muscle).
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