GIT Match (1)

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Questions and Answers

Match the following components of the digestive system with their functions:

Oral cavity & pharynx = Initial digestion and swallowing Esophagus = Transport of food to the stomach Stomach = Digestion and mixing of food Intestines = Nutrient absorption and waste elimination

Match the signs of GI disease with their descriptions:

Ingestion = Most common portal of entry for pathogens Coughing = Pathogens coughed up and swallowed Systemic blood-borne infections = Infections spread through the bloodstream Parasite migration = Movement of parasites through the body

Match the conditions related to palatomaxillary structure abnormalities:

Palatoschisis = Fissure in the hard palate Aspiration pneumonia = Pneumonia due to foreign material in bronchial tree Cheiloschisis = Cleft lip or hare lip Toxic plants = Cause of genetic abnormalities in palatal structures

Match the types of stomatitis with their characteristics:

Cheilitis = Inflammation of the lips Glossitis = Inflammation of the tongue Gingivitis = Inflammation of the gums Pharyngitis = Inflammation of the pharynx Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of stomatitis with its classification:

Superficial stomatitis = Limited to the mucosa Deep stomatitis = Extended to the submucosa Vesicular stomatitis = Characterized by vesicle formation Granulomatous stomatitis = Type of deep stomatitis with granuloma formation Signup and view all the answers

Match the infectious conditions with the affected animals:

Auto-immune disease = Common in dogs and cats Calicivirus infection = Specifically affects cats Foot and mouth disease = Affects cattle and pigs Viral infections = Can cause vesicular stomatitis Signup and view all the answers

Match the causes of stomatitis with their categories:

Infectious agents = Pathogens causing infection Trauma = Injury to the oral cavity Chemical injury = Damage due to harmful substances Auto-immune = Immune response attacking oral tissues Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of lesions with their descriptions:

Vesicle = Fluid-filled raised lesion Erosion = Loss of superficial layer Ulcer = Open sore on mucous membrane Cellular infiltration = Accumulation of immune cells in tissue Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dental conditions with their descriptions:

Caries = Acid demineralization of tooth and inflammation Attrition = Abnormal wear of teeth Enamel dysplasia = Developmental defect in enamel Gingival hyperplasia = Overgrowth of gum tissue Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dental issues with their sequelae:

Dental plaque = Formation of dental calculus Choke = Esophageal perforation Malignant melanoma = Aggressive tumor behavior Prognathia = Protrusion of mandible Signup and view all the answers

Match the following tumors with their classifications:

Papilloma = Benign tumor Fibrosarcoma = Malignant tumor Squamous cell carcinoma = Malignant tumor Epulis = Tumor like mass Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of esophagitis with its cause:

Reflux esophagitis = Repeated gastric acid reflux Ulcerative esophagitis = BVD in cows Parasitic esophagitis = Sarcocystosis in cows Esophagitis = General inflammation of esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following oral conditions with their corresponding diseases:

Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma = Eosinophilic inflammation Lymphoplasmacytic Stomatitis = Immune-mediated condition Feline gingivostomatitis (FGS) = Severe oral inflammation Malignant Tumor = Uncontrolled cell growth Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to malocclusion with their types:

Brachygnathia = Short mandible Megaesophagus = Congenital form Wave mouth = Dental deformity Prognathia = Protrusion of mandible Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dental conditions with the causative factors:

Canine distemper = Viral infection in puppies BVD intra-uterine infection = Viral infection causing dental anomalies Dental calculus = Mineralized plaque Dental infection = Can result from attrition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their symptoms/sequelae:

Choke = Blockage of esophagus Esophagitis = Inflammation of esophagus Megaesophagus = Difficulty in swallowing Caries = Loss of tooth structure Signup and view all the answers

Match the diseases to their causative agents:

Foot and Mouth Disease = Picornavirus Bovine viral diarrhea = BVD Virus Vesicular stomatitis = Rhabdovirus Bovine papular stomatitis = Parapoxviruses Signup and view all the answers

Match the clinical findings to their associated conditions:

Ulcers and lesions = Foot and Mouth Disease Granuloma formation = Actinobacillosis Vesicles in the mouth = Vesicular stomatitis Necrosis of tissues = Necrotizing Stomatitis Signup and view all the answers

Match the conditions with their key characteristics:

Erosion = Loss of surface epithelium with intact basement membrane Ulcer = Loss of epithelial with destruction of the basement membrane Calf diphtheria = Caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum Peste des petits ruminants = Viral infection affecting ruminants Signup and view all the answers

Match the age group with the associated condition:

Young animals = Bovine papular stomatitis Less than 6 months = Tiger heart (myocardial necrosis) All ages = Foot and Mouth Disease Older animals = Blue tongue disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptions with the corresponding disease:

Circular, coin-shaped papules = Bovine papular stomatitis Characterized by granuloma formation = Actinobacillosis Causes erosive lesions = Erosive & Ulcerative Stomatitis Vesicles may rupture = Foot and Mouth Disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the specific findings to their diseases:

Yellow pus 'sulfur granules' = Actinobacillosis Oral mucosa lesions = Foot and Mouth Disease Vesicles around the coronary band = Vesicular stomatitis Hyperemic thickened periphery = Bovine papular stomatitis Signup and view all the answers

Match the disease with its type of ulceration or erosion:

Erosive Stomatitis = Loss of surface epithelium Ulcerative Stomatitis = Destruction of basement membrane Granulomatous Stomatitis = Granuloma formation Necrotizing Stomatitis = Tissue necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptoms with the disease they are associated with:

Gray/yellow myocardial necrosis = Foot and Mouth Disease Firm pale tongue with nodules = Actinobacillosis Papules and ulcers = Bovine papular stomatitis Tissue necrosis in calves = Necrotizing Stomatitis Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Oral Cavity Anatomy

Oral mucous membranes, teeth, tonsils, salivary glands, and tongue are all components of the oral cavity.

Palatoschisis

Characterized by a fissure in the hard palate
Causes communication between the oral and nasal cavities
Can be fatal due to aspiration pneumonia
Caused by genetic factors or toxic plants, namely Veratrum californicum

Cheiloschisis

Also known as cleft lip or hare lip

Stomatitis

Inflammation of the oral cavity
Types include cheilitis, glossitis, gingivitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and sialoadenitis

Causes of Stomatitis

Can be caused by infectious agents, trauma, chemical injury, autoimmune disorders, or systemic diseases

Classification of Stomatitis

Superficial stomatitis: Limited to the mucosa, such as vesicular stomatitis or erosive and ulcerative stomatitis
Deep stomatitis: Extends to the submucosa, including necrotic stomatitis and granulomatous stomatitis

Vesicular Stomatitis

Characterized by the formation of vesicles
Vesicles are fluid-filled raised lesions
Caused by epithelial damage

Viral Causes of Vesicular Stomatitis

Autoimmune disease in dogs and cats
Calicivirus infection in cats
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle, sheep, and pigs
Vesicular stomatitis in horses, cattle, and pigs (caused by Rhabdovirus)

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

Caused by the picornavirus
Highly contagious with high morbidity but low mortality
Primarily affects ruminants and pigs
Characterized by vesicles on oral mucosa, feet, and udder, which can rupture and leave ulcers
Gray or yellow myocardial necrosis, known as "tiger heart," can occur in animals under 6 months of age

Erosive and Ulcerative Stomatitis

Erosion: Loss of surface epithelium with an intact basement membrane
Ulcer: Destruction of the basement membrane, revealing the underlying submucosa

Causes of Erosive and Ulcerative Stomatitis

BVD (Bovine viral diarrhea)
MCF (Maedi-Visna Complex)
Rinderpest
Peste des petits ruminants
Bluetongue
FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease)
Herpesviruses (Cattle, cats, horses, primates)
Uremia

Necrotizing Stomatitis

Characterized by tissue necrosis
Example: Calf diphtheria caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum

Granulomatous Stomatitis

Characterized by granuloma formation
Example: Actinobacillosis (wooden tongue) caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii
Affects cattle and sheep
Grossly, the tongue is firm and pale, containing multifocal nodules with yellow pus, often referred to as "sulfur granules."
This is due to massive amounts of fibrous connective tissue.
Microscopically, a pyogranuloma is observed, with bacteria in the center surrounded by concentric layers of eosinophilic clubs, neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and a fibrous connective tissue capsule.

Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma

Leads to stomatitis

Lymphoplasmacytic Stomatitis

Feline gingivostomatitis (FGS) is a common example

Benign Tumors and Tumor-Like Masses

Gingival hyperplasia is the enlargement of the gums
Epulis is a benign tumor of the gums
Papilloma, or warts, are benign tumors

Malignant Tumors

Squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and fibrosarcoma are examples of malignant tumors.

Teeth Anomalies

Prognathia: Protrusion of the mandible
Brachygnathia: Short mandible
Both anomalies lead to malocclusion

Enamel Dysplasia

Caused by canine distemper in puppies or BVD intrauterine infection

Attrition and Abnormal Wear

Leads to dental infection and trauma
Wave mouth is a type of abnormal wear

Caries

Acid demineralization of the tooth and enzymatic digestion of the dental organic matrix followed by inflammation
Dental plaque, a bacterial film mixed with food and organic matter, contributes to caries
Dental calculus or tartar results from mineralized plaque
Sequelae of caries include tooth loss, alveolar osteomyelitis, tooth abscess, pulpitis, and bacteremia

Esophagus

The esophagus can be blocked by foreign material, usually by food, resulting in choking
Sequelae: Stenosis, rupture, perforation, and bloat

Esophagitis

Reflux esophagitis: Caused by repeated gastric acid reflux
Ulcerative esophagitis: Associated with BVD in cows and bovine popular stomatitis
Parasitic esophagitis: Sarcocystosis in cows; Spirocerca lupi in dogs

Megaesophagus

Megaesophagus can be congenital or acquired.

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