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Questions and Answers
Match the following components of the digestive system with their functions:
Oral cavity & pharynx = Initial digestion and swallowing Esophagus = Transport of food to the stomach Stomach = Digestion and mixing of food Intestines = Nutrient absorption and waste elimination
Match the signs of GI disease with their descriptions:
Ingestion = Most common portal of entry for pathogens Coughing = Pathogens coughed up and swallowed Systemic blood-borne infections = Infections spread through the bloodstream Parasite migration = Movement of parasites through the body
Match the conditions related to palatomaxillary structure abnormalities:
Palatoschisis = Fissure in the hard palate Aspiration pneumonia = Pneumonia due to foreign material in bronchial tree Cheiloschisis = Cleft lip or hare lip Toxic plants = Cause of genetic abnormalities in palatal structures
Match the types of stomatitis with their characteristics:
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Match the type of stomatitis with its classification:
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Match the infectious conditions with the affected animals:
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Match the causes of stomatitis with their categories:
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Match the types of lesions with their descriptions:
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Match the following dental conditions with their descriptions:
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Match the following dental issues with their sequelae:
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Match the following tumors with their classifications:
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Match the type of esophagitis with its cause:
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Match the following oral conditions with their corresponding diseases:
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Match the following terms related to malocclusion with their types:
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Match the following dental conditions with the causative factors:
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Match the following conditions with their symptoms/sequelae:
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Match the diseases to their causative agents:
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Match the clinical findings to their associated conditions:
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Match the conditions with their key characteristics:
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Match the age group with the associated condition:
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Match the descriptions with the corresponding disease:
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Match the specific findings to their diseases:
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Match the disease with its type of ulceration or erosion:
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Match the symptoms with the disease they are associated with:
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Study Notes
Oral Cavity Anatomy
- Oral mucous membranes, teeth, tonsils, salivary glands, and tongue are all components of the oral cavity.
Palatoschisis
- Characterized by a fissure in the hard palate
- Causes communication between the oral and nasal cavities
- Can be fatal due to aspiration pneumonia
- Caused by genetic factors or toxic plants, namely Veratrum californicum
Cheiloschisis
- Also known as cleft lip or hare lip
Stomatitis
- Inflammation of the oral cavity
- Types include cheilitis, glossitis, gingivitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and sialoadenitis
Causes of Stomatitis
- Can be caused by infectious agents, trauma, chemical injury, autoimmune disorders, or systemic diseases
Classification of Stomatitis
- Superficial stomatitis: Limited to the mucosa, such as vesicular stomatitis or erosive and ulcerative stomatitis
- Deep stomatitis: Extends to the submucosa, including necrotic stomatitis and granulomatous stomatitis
Vesicular Stomatitis
- Characterized by the formation of vesicles
- Vesicles are fluid-filled raised lesions
- Caused by epithelial damage
Viral Causes of Vesicular Stomatitis
- Autoimmune disease in dogs and cats
- Calicivirus infection in cats
- Foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle, sheep, and pigs
- Vesicular stomatitis in horses, cattle, and pigs (caused by Rhabdovirus)
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
- Caused by the picornavirus
- Highly contagious with high morbidity but low mortality
- Primarily affects ruminants and pigs
- Characterized by vesicles on oral mucosa, feet, and udder, which can rupture and leave ulcers
- Gray or yellow myocardial necrosis, known as "tiger heart," can occur in animals under 6 months of age
Erosive and Ulcerative Stomatitis
- Erosion: Loss of surface epithelium with an intact basement membrane
- Ulcer: Destruction of the basement membrane, revealing the underlying submucosa
Causes of Erosive and Ulcerative Stomatitis
- BVD (Bovine viral diarrhea)
- MCF (Maedi-Visna Complex)
- Rinderpest
- Peste des petits ruminants
- Bluetongue
- FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease)
- Herpesviruses (Cattle, cats, horses, primates)
- Uremia
Necrotizing Stomatitis
- Characterized by tissue necrosis
- Example: Calf diphtheria caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum
Granulomatous Stomatitis
- Characterized by granuloma formation
- Example: Actinobacillosis (wooden tongue) caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii
- Affects cattle and sheep
- Grossly, the tongue is firm and pale, containing multifocal nodules with yellow pus, often referred to as "sulfur granules."
- This is due to massive amounts of fibrous connective tissue.
- Microscopically, a pyogranuloma is observed, with bacteria in the center surrounded by concentric layers of eosinophilic clubs, neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and a fibrous connective tissue capsule.
Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma
- Leads to stomatitis
Lymphoplasmacytic Stomatitis
- Feline gingivostomatitis (FGS) is a common example
Benign Tumors and Tumor-Like Masses
- Gingival hyperplasia is the enlargement of the gums
- Epulis is a benign tumor of the gums
- Papilloma, or warts, are benign tumors
Malignant Tumors
- Squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and fibrosarcoma are examples of malignant tumors.
Teeth Anomalies
- Prognathia: Protrusion of the mandible
- Brachygnathia: Short mandible
- Both anomalies lead to malocclusion
Enamel Dysplasia
- Caused by canine distemper in puppies or BVD intrauterine infection
Attrition and Abnormal Wear
- Leads to dental infection and trauma
- Wave mouth is a type of abnormal wear
Caries
- Acid demineralization of the tooth and enzymatic digestion of the dental organic matrix followed by inflammation
- Dental plaque, a bacterial film mixed with food and organic matter, contributes to caries
- Dental calculus or tartar results from mineralized plaque
- Sequelae of caries include tooth loss, alveolar osteomyelitis, tooth abscess, pulpitis, and bacteremia
Esophagus
- The esophagus can be blocked by foreign material, usually by food, resulting in choking
- Sequelae: Stenosis, rupture, perforation, and bloat
Esophagitis
- Reflux esophagitis: Caused by repeated gastric acid reflux
- Ulcerative esophagitis: Associated with BVD in cows and bovine popular stomatitis
- Parasitic esophagitis: Sarcocystosis in cows; Spirocerca lupi in dogs
Megaesophagus
- Megaesophagus can be congenital or acquired.
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Description
Explore the anatomy of the oral cavity, including the mucous membranes, teeth, tonsils, salivary glands, and tongue. Learn about conditions such as palatoschisis, cheiloschisis, and various types of stomatitis, along with their causes and classifications. This quiz covers critical concepts in oral health and anatomy.