Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a systemic factor that can predispose an individual to oral candidiasis?
Which type of oral candidiasis is characterized by creamy white plaques that can be wiped off, leaving a red, raw, and painful mucosal surface?
Which of the following is a local factor that can increase the risk of oral candidiasis?
What is the clinical presentation of Erythematous (atrophic) candidiasis?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of oral candidiasis?
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What is the primary diagnostic tool used for oral candidiasis?
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What characterizes median rhomboid glossitis?
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Which of the following is a common clinical presentation associated with denture use?
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How are antifungal drugs classified based on their spectrum of activity?
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Which drug is classified as a polyene antifungal agent?
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Which antifungal activity type refers to agents that inhibit the growth of fungi without killing them?
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Which form of candidiasis is the least commonly observed?
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What is unique about the cell membrane of fungal cells compared to human cells?
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What is the normal state of Candida albicans in humans?
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Which antifungal drug is used topically?
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What is the term for the study of the movement of drugs in the body?
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What is the name of the fungal infection caused by Candida albicans?
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What is the primary site of action of Amphotericin-B?
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Study Notes
Pathogenesis of Oral Candidiasis
- Transition from commensalism to pathogenicity often triggered by predisposing factors.
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Systemic Factors include:
- AIDS
- Malignancies
- Diabetes mellitus (DM)
- Immunosuppressive medications (e.g., broad-spectrum antibiotics)
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Local Factors include:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Use of acrylic dentures
- Decreased salivary flow (xerostomia)
Classification of Oral Candidiasis
-
Pseudomembranous Candidiasis (Thrush)
- Most common form
- Characterized by soft, friable, creamy white plaques on mucosa
- Plaques can be wiped off, revealing a red, painful surface
- Symptoms may include burning sensation and dysgeusia
- Affects buccal mucosa, palate, tongue, oropharynx
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Erythematous (Atrophic) Candidiasis
- Appears as flat, painful, red patches lacking a pseudomembranous coating
- Commonly associated with burning sensation
- Key clinical presentations include:
- Median rhomboid glossitis (depapillation of the tongue)
- Kissing lesions in palates
- Angular cheilitis
- Denture stomatitis (erythema on denture-bearing surface)
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Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis (Candidal Leukoplakia)
- Presents with white papules or plaques that cannot be scraped off
- Least common form
- Affects corners of the mouth and dorsal surface of the tongue
Diagnosis of Oral Candidiasis
- Based on clinical signs and symptoms (burning sensation, dysgeusia, dysphagia)
- Culture or biopsy may be necessary in some cases
Antifungal Drugs
- Classified based on spectrum and activity:
- Broad-Spectrum: inhibits a variety of fungi, including yeasts and molds
- Narrow-Spectrum: inhibits a limited range of fungi
- Mechanisms of action:
- Fungistatic: inhibits growth of fungi
- Fungicidal: kills fungi
Types of Antifungal Drugs
-
Membrane Disruptors:
- Polyenes: Amphotericin B (AMB), Nystatin
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Azoles:
- Topical: Clotrimazole, Miconazole
- Systemic: Ketoconazole, Fluconazole
- Other antifungals include Griseofulvin and Flucytosine
Introduction to Fungi
- Fungi comprise yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, possessing a membrane-bound nucleus.
- Fungal cell structures are similar to human cells but contain ergosterol instead of cholesterol.
Oral Candidiasis Overview
- Caused by Candida albicans, the most common opportunistic fungal infection in humans.
- Normally exists as a non-pathogenic member of human flora in the skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina.
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Description
This quiz covers the factors that contribute to the development of oral candidiasis, including systemic and local factors, as well as the classification of this fungal infection.
