53 Questions
What is the most common type of cancer in the oral cavity?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Which type of neoplasm originates from squamous epithelium and accounts for about 90% of all head and neck cancers?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Which type of neoplasm represents the second leading cause of death globally?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma?
Multifactorial
Which type of cancer is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin?
Lymphoma
Which type of cancer accounts for more than 90% of all head and neck cancers?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Which oral tumor is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in a background rich in inflammatory cells?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Which variant of Burkitt lymphoma commonly occurs in malaria-endemic regions of the world?
Endemic
What is the essential microscopic criterion for diagnosing malignant mesenchymal cells?
Production of osteoid tissue by malignant mesenchymal cells
What tumor is characterized by numerous wide vascular channels?
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma
What malignant tumor is associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)?
Kaposi Sarcoma
Which tumor may appear as nontender, diffuse swellings with boggy consistency in the oral cavity?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
What is the most common histological type of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
What are the clinical features of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Persistently enlarging non tender discrete mass or masses in one lymph node region
What are the radiographic features of Burkitt lymphoma?
Ragged radiolucency
Which tumor may cause expansion of bone and eventually perforation of the cortical plate and production of a soft tissue swelling if left untreated?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
What are the clinical features of Chondrosarcoma?
Rare in jaws and facial bones, causing nasal obstruction and tooth loosening
What is the oral manifestation commonly seen in AIDS-related Kaposi Sarcoma?
Multiple red to violaceous macules or papules that may progress to plaques or nodules
What is the most common cause of death in oral cancer?
Progression of comorbidities
Which gene mutations can render proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes oncogenic?
Proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations
What is the most common malignant neoplasm in the oral cavity?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the characteristic appearance of verrucous carcinoma?
Diffuse, white plaque with papillary surface projections
Which lesion may harbor foci of invasive squamous cell carcinoma and requires adequate incisional biopsy and serial sections for diagnosis?
Verrucous carcinoma
What distinguishes well-differentiated fibrosarcoma from poorly differentiated cases?
Variation in size and shape of cells
What is a common clinical feature of osteosarcomas in the jaws?
Hard painful bony swelling
What radiographic appearance is characteristic of osteosarcomas?
Formation of new bone perpendicular to the surface of bone
What is the characteristic appearance of verrucous carcinoma histopathology?
Blunt-ended rete ridges and clefts filled with keratin
What can increase the risk for developing osteosarcomas?
Paget's disease of bone
What is the main characteristic of well-differentiated fibrosarcoma on histopathology?
Cells with little variation in size and shape
What differentiates verrucous carcinoma from papillary squamous cell carcinoma?
Papillary surface and evident epithelial atypia
What are the two main types of factors that work together to cause cancer?
Extrinsic and intrinsic factors
How many genetic mutations does a cell need to accumulate to become 'initiated' as a cancer cell?
At least six genetic mutations
In normal conditions, what do proto-oncogenes regulate?
Cell growth & cell proliferation
What do tumor suppressor genes do in normal conditions?
Repair damaged DNA, initiate apoptosis, and restrict the proliferation of cells
Which of the following is a common site for oral mucosa cancer?
Gingiva
What is a typical appearance of early lesions of oral mucosa cancer?
Speckled white patches
What may be seen in a non-healing ulcer in oral mucosa cancer?
"Rolled" border
Which factor is generally considered of little value in the diagnosis of early carcinoma?
"Pain"
"Moth eaten radiolucency with ill-defined or ragged margin" is associated with:
"Destruction of underlying bone"
What is the primary tumor size when it is 2-4 cms?
T2
What does tumor grading based on microscopic examination determine?
Degree of differentiation and keratin production
What is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor in pediatric patients?
Ewing sarcoma
Which chromosomal translocation is involved in Ewing sarcoma?
EWSR1 and FLI1
What is the characteristic histopathological feature of Ewing sarcoma?
Hypercellular sheets and nests of uniform small round cells
What are the clinical features of mucosal melanoma?
Asymptomatic with dark brown to black macules, plaques or nodules
What are the "ABCDE" clinical features used to identify mucosal melanoma?
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter > 6 mm, Evolving
What is the role of a melanocyte in the skin?
Protection of skin layers from sunlight damage
What are the general characteristics of atypical spindle cells?
Increased mitotic activity and ill-defined cellular borders
What distinguishes mucosal melanoma from benign melanocytic lesions?
"ABCDE" clinical features: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter > 6 mm, Evolving
What is responsible for the color of the skin, hair, and eyes?
$Melanin$
What is the characteristic histopathological architecture of verrucous carcinoma?
No significant cellular atypia and a well-defined basement membrane
Which neoplasms may occur in soft tissue?
Fibrosarcoma and lymphoma
In which type of sarcoma are oral manifestations commonly seen in AIDS-related cases?
Kaposi sarcoma
Test your knowledge of oral cancer metastasis and treatment with this quiz. Explore the factors contributing to lymph node and distant metastasis, as well as the treatment options available for oral cancer. Understand the causes of death related to oral cancer and the impact of tumor load.
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