Oral Cancer: Metastasis and Treatment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of cancer in the oral cavity?

  • Fibrosarcoma
  • Lymphoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (correct)
  • Kaposi's sarcoma

Which type of neoplasm originates from squamous epithelium and accounts for about 90% of all head and neck cancers?

  • Osteosarcoma
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (correct)
  • Fibrosarcoma

Which type of neoplasm represents the second leading cause of death globally?

  • Kaposi's sarcoma
  • Melanoma
  • Lymphoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (correct)

What is the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>Multifactorial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin?

<p>Lymphoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer accounts for more than 90% of all head and neck cancers?

<p>Squamous cell carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oral tumor is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in a background rich in inflammatory cells?

<p>Hodgkin’s lymphoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which variant of Burkitt lymphoma commonly occurs in malaria-endemic regions of the world?

<p>Endemic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential microscopic criterion for diagnosing malignant mesenchymal cells?

<p>Production of osteoid tissue by malignant mesenchymal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tumor is characterized by numerous wide vascular channels?

<p>Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What malignant tumor is associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)?

<p>Kaposi Sarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor may appear as nontender, diffuse swellings with boggy consistency in the oral cavity?

<p>Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common histological type of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

<p>Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical features of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

<p>Persistently enlarging non tender discrete mass or masses in one lymph node region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the radiographic features of Burkitt lymphoma?

<p>Ragged radiolucency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor may cause expansion of bone and eventually perforation of the cortical plate and production of a soft tissue swelling if left untreated?

<p>Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical features of Chondrosarcoma?

<p>Rare in jaws and facial bones, causing nasal obstruction and tooth loosening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oral manifestation commonly seen in AIDS-related Kaposi Sarcoma?

<p>Multiple red to violaceous macules or papules that may progress to plaques or nodules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of death in oral cancer?

<p>Progression of comorbidities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutations can render proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes oncogenic?

<p>Proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common malignant neoplasm in the oral cavity?

<p>Squamous cell carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of verrucous carcinoma?

<p>Diffuse, white plaque with papillary surface projections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lesion may harbor foci of invasive squamous cell carcinoma and requires adequate incisional biopsy and serial sections for diagnosis?

<p>Verrucous carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes well-differentiated fibrosarcoma from poorly differentiated cases?

<p>Variation in size and shape of cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical feature of osteosarcomas in the jaws?

<p>Hard painful bony swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic appearance is characteristic of osteosarcomas?

<p>Formation of new bone perpendicular to the surface of bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of verrucous carcinoma histopathology?

<p>Blunt-ended rete ridges and clefts filled with keratin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can increase the risk for developing osteosarcomas?

<p>Paget's disease of bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of well-differentiated fibrosarcoma on histopathology?

<p>Cells with little variation in size and shape (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates verrucous carcinoma from papillary squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>Papillary surface and evident epithelial atypia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of factors that work together to cause cancer?

<p>Extrinsic and intrinsic factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many genetic mutations does a cell need to accumulate to become 'initiated' as a cancer cell?

<p>At least six genetic mutations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In normal conditions, what do proto-oncogenes regulate?

<p>Cell growth &amp; cell proliferation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do tumor suppressor genes do in normal conditions?

<p>Repair damaged DNA, initiate apoptosis, and restrict the proliferation of cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common site for oral mucosa cancer?

<p>Gingiva (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical appearance of early lesions of oral mucosa cancer?

<p>Speckled white patches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be seen in a non-healing ulcer in oral mucosa cancer?

<p>&quot;Rolled&quot; border (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is generally considered of little value in the diagnosis of early carcinoma?

<p>&quot;Pain&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Moth eaten radiolucency with ill-defined or ragged margin" is associated with:

<p>&quot;Destruction of underlying bone&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary tumor size when it is 2-4 cms?

<p>T2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does tumor grading based on microscopic examination determine?

<p>Degree of differentiation and keratin production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor in pediatric patients?

<p>Ewing sarcoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomal translocation is involved in Ewing sarcoma?

<p>EWSR1 and FLI1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histopathological feature of Ewing sarcoma?

<p>Hypercellular sheets and nests of uniform small round cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical features of mucosal melanoma?

<p>Asymptomatic with dark brown to black macules, plaques or nodules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the "ABCDE" clinical features used to identify mucosal melanoma?

<p>Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter &gt; 6 mm, Evolving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a melanocyte in the skin?

<p>Protection of skin layers from sunlight damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the general characteristics of atypical spindle cells?

<p>Increased mitotic activity and ill-defined cellular borders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mucosal melanoma from benign melanocytic lesions?

<p>&quot;ABCDE&quot; clinical features: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter &gt; 6 mm, Evolving (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the color of the skin, hair, and eyes?

<p>$Melanin$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histopathological architecture of verrucous carcinoma?

<p>No significant cellular atypia and a well-defined basement membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neoplasms may occur in soft tissue?

<p>Fibrosarcoma and lymphoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of sarcoma are oral manifestations commonly seen in AIDS-related cases?

<p>Kaposi sarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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