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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT recommended for oral cancer prevention?
What is an appropriate oral cancer screening protocol for individuals aged 40 and older?
What should the dental care regimen be for a patient with diagnosed oral cancer?
In the case of a man presenting with a non-painful 5 cm neck swelling, what is the best course of action to take?
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Which lifestyle change is highly recommended to reduce the risk of developing oral cancer?
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What is the most common type of oral cavity cancer?
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Which risk factor is NOT associated with the development of oral cancer?
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Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of oral cancer?
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Which diagnostic method is primarily used to confirm a diagnosis of oral cancer?
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What is the appropriate treatment for localized oral cavity tumors?
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Which factor is associated with a better prognosis for oral cancer patients?
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What stage classification indicates that a tumor is larger than 4 centimeters?
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Which complication of oral cancer treatment involves increased sensitivity and infection in the oral region?
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Study Notes
Oral Cancer Definition
- Malignant tumors in the oral cavity
- Oral mucosa
- Tonsils
- Salivary glands
Oral Cancer Epidemiology
- Peak incidence: 55–60 years
- More common in males (> 2:1)
- Most common type of head and neck cancer
Types of Oral Cavity Cancers
- Oral mucosal cancer: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common.
- Salivary gland cancer: Usually mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
- Tonsillar cancer: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common (> 70%), lymphoma is also possible.
Oral Cancer Risk Factors
- Tobacco consumption
- Alcohol consumption
- Chronic mechanical irritation (e.g., poorly fitting dentures)
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Precancerous lesions
- Leukoplakia
- Erythroplakia
- Erythroleukoplakia
Oral Cancer Clinical Manifestations
- Halitosis (bad breath)
- Pain
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
- Non-healing ulcer
- Unusual bleeding in the mouth
- Facial swelling
- Lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
Oral Cancer Stages
- T1: Tumor measures 2 cm or less.
- T2: Tumor measures 2-4 cm.
- T3: Tumor is larger than 4 cm.
Oral Cancer Diagnostics
- Biopsy and histopathology of the lesion
- Panendoscopy: Assessment of tumor extent
- HPV testing
- Chest x-ray, axial CT: Assess tumor spread
- PET-CT
- Tumor markers
Oral Cancer Management
- Localized tumor: Surgical resection
- Tumors with local spread: Surgery (usually with neck dissection) + radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy
- Inoperable tumors: Radiation therapy with adjuvant chemotherapy
- Surgical procedures
- Maxillectomy, mandibulectomy
- Glossectomy, laryngectomy
- Neck dissection
Oral Cancer Complications of Treatment
- Altered oral flora
- Dysphagia
- Candida infection
- Lymphedema
- Mucositis
- Radiation caries
- Stomatitis
- Trismus (lockjaw)
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Oral Cancer Prognosis
- Early diagnosis and treatment usually result in a good curative rate.
- HPV-positive tumors have a good prognosis as they respond well to chemo- and/or radiotherapy.
Oral Cancer Prevention
- Stop smoking, chewing tobacco, or using a water pipe
- Stop alcohol consumption
- Use UV-AB-blocking sunscreen on the face and sunblock
- Vaccination for human papillomavirus
- Eat a well-balanced diet
- Have regular dental check-ups: Every 3 years for ages 20-40 and annually after age 40.
Oral Cancer Dental Care
- Regular recall visits (3-6 months)
- Monitor for:
- Recurrence
- Progression
- Recognize complications of treatment
Practice Question
- A 60-year-old man with a history of smoking presents with non-painful 5 cm neck swelling. The best course of action is a referral to a medical doctor for further evaluation.
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Description
This quiz covers key aspects of oral cancer, including its definitions, types, epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical manifestations. Test your knowledge on the most common forms of cancer in the oral cavity and their associations with lifestyle factors such as tobacco and alcohol use.
