Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are Oral Antidiabetic Drugs used for?

Type 2 diabetics

What class does Metformin (Glucophage) belong to?

  • Glitazones
  • Biguanides (correct)
  • Glinides
  • Sulfonylureas

    • What is Metformin (Glucophage) used for?

    First-line antidiabetic treatment; also used for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

    What is the mechanism of action for Metformin?

    <p>Decrease glucose production by the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does Metformin (Glucophage) cause hypoglycemia and weight gain?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some adverse effects of Metformin?

    <p>Abdominal bleeding, nausea, cramping, feeling of fullness, diarrhea, weight loss, lactic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for Metformin?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class does Glipizide (Glucotrol) belong to?

    <p>Sulfonylureas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse effects of Glipizide (Glucotrol)?

    <p>Hypoglycemia, weight gain, nausea, epigastric fullness, heartburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Repaglinide (Prandin) is classified as a Glinide?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one use of Repaglinide?

    <p>Postprandial glucose control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class does Pioglitazone (Actos) belong to?

    <p>Glitazones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some effects of Pioglitazone (Actos)?

    <p>Decreases insulin resistance, increases glucose uptake, inhibits glucose production in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heart failure is a contraindication for Pioglitazone (Actos)?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class does Acarbose (Precose) belong to?

    <p>Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should Acarbose (Precose) be taken with?

    <p>Meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pramlintide (Symlin) can be used for both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one adverse effect of Pramlintide (Symlin)?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Overview

    • Oral antidiabetic drugs are primarily used for managing type 2 diabetes.
    • Effectiveness is enhanced when combined with lifestyle and behavioral changes.

    Metformin (Glucophage)

    • Class: Biguanides
    • First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes; also effective for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.
    • Mechanism of Action:
      • Reduces glucose production in the liver.
      • Decreases intestinal glucose absorption.
      • Increases tissue glucose uptake.
      • Does not stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas.
    • Does not cause hypoglycemia or weight gain.
    • Common adverse effects include abdominal bleeding, nausea, cramping, diarrhea, and lactic acidosis.
    • Contraindications: Renal disease/dysfunction, alcoholism, liver failure, heart failure.
    • Interactions:
      • Avoid IV contrast 48 hours before and after use to prevent renal failure.
      • Diuretics and corticosteroids may cause hyperglycemia.

    Glipizide (Glucotrol)

    • Class: Sulfonylureas
    • Second-generation medication that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas, increasing insulin levels.
    • Requires the presence of beta cell function to be effective.
    • Common adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, nausea, heartburn.
    • Contraindications: Hypoglycemia and cross-allergy to sulfonamide antibiotics.

    Repaglinide (Prandin)

    • Class: Glinides
    • Used primarily to control postprandial blood glucose levels.
    • Mechanism: Increases insulin secretion from the pancreas with a short duration; must be administered with each meal.
    • Adverse effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain.

    Pioglitazone (Actos)

    • Class: Glitazones
    • Mechanism: Decreases insulin resistance and increases glucose uptake in muscles while inhibiting glucose production in the liver.
    • Effect onset is slow; may take months to reach full therapeutic action.
    • Used for patients who cannot tolerate or have failed other medications like Metformin or Sulfonylureas.
    • Adverse effects include peripheral edema, weight gain, hepatotoxicity, and increased LDL/triglyceride levels.
    • Contraindication: Heart failure.
    • Interactions: Gemfibrozil increases hypoglycemic effects by inhibiting drug metabolism.

    Acarbose (Precose)

    • Class: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
    • Mechanism: Reversibly inhibits alpha-glucosidase to delay glucose absorption, should be taken with the first bite of a meal.
    • Common adverse effects: Flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hepatotoxicity.
    • Contraindications include inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndromes, and intestinal obstruction.

    Pramlintide (Symlin)

    • Class: Amylin Mimetics
    • Mechanism: Slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion, and reduces hepatic glucose output; helps regulate appetite and satiety.
    • Effective for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
    • Adverse effect: Nausea.
    • Contraindicated in patients with gastrointestinal motility problems.
    • Interactions with insulin (increases hypoglycemia risk) and oral medications (delays absorption).

    General Considerations

    • All medications require careful monitoring for effectiveness and potential side effects.
    • Lifestyle modifications remain crucial in managing diabetes effectively.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on oral antidiabetic drugs with these flashcards. Learn about different medications like Metformin and their mechanisms of action. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or healthcare professionals.

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