Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are Oral Antidiabetic Drugs used for?

Type 2 diabetics

What class does Metformin (Glucophage) belong to?

Glitazones

Biguanides (correct)

Glinides

Sulfonylureas

What is Metformin (Glucophage) used for?

First-line antidiabetic treatment; also used for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

What is the mechanism of action for Metformin?

Decrease glucose production by the liver Signup and view all the answers

Does Metformin (Glucophage) cause hypoglycemia and weight gain?

False Signup and view all the answers

What are some adverse effects of Metformin?

Abdominal bleeding, nausea, cramping, feeling of fullness, diarrhea, weight loss, lactic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for Metformin?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What class does Glipizide (Glucotrol) belong to?

Sulfonylureas Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of Glipizide (Glucotrol)?

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, nausea, epigastric fullness, heartburn Signup and view all the answers

Repaglinide (Prandin) is classified as a Glinide?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is one use of Repaglinide?

Postprandial glucose control Signup and view all the answers

What class does Pioglitazone (Actos) belong to?

Glitazones Signup and view all the answers

What are some effects of Pioglitazone (Actos)?

Decreases insulin resistance, increases glucose uptake, inhibits glucose production in the liver Signup and view all the answers

Heart failure is a contraindication for Pioglitazone (Actos)?

True Signup and view all the answers

What class does Acarbose (Precose) belong to?

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

What should Acarbose (Precose) be taken with?

Meals Signup and view all the answers

Pramlintide (Symlin) can be used for both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is one adverse effect of Pramlintide (Symlin)?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Overview

Oral antidiabetic drugs are primarily used for managing type 2 diabetes.
Effectiveness is enhanced when combined with lifestyle and behavioral changes.

Metformin (Glucophage)

Class: Biguanides
First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes; also effective for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.
Mechanism of Action:
- Reduces glucose production in the liver.
- Decreases intestinal glucose absorption.
- Increases tissue glucose uptake.
- Does not stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas.
Does not cause hypoglycemia or weight gain.
Common adverse effects include abdominal bleeding, nausea, cramping, diarrhea, and lactic acidosis.
Contraindications: Renal disease/dysfunction, alcoholism, liver failure, heart failure.
Interactions:
- Avoid IV contrast 48 hours before and after use to prevent renal failure.
- Diuretics and corticosteroids may cause hyperglycemia.

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

Class: Sulfonylureas
Second-generation medication that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas, increasing insulin levels.
Requires the presence of beta cell function to be effective.
Common adverse effects: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, nausea, heartburn.
Contraindications: Hypoglycemia and cross-allergy to sulfonamide antibiotics.

Repaglinide (Prandin)

Class: Glinides
Used primarily to control postprandial blood glucose levels.
Mechanism: Increases insulin secretion from the pancreas with a short duration; must be administered with each meal.
Adverse effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain.

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Class: Glitazones
Mechanism: Decreases insulin resistance and increases glucose uptake in muscles while inhibiting glucose production in the liver.
Effect onset is slow; may take months to reach full therapeutic action.
Used for patients who cannot tolerate or have failed other medications like Metformin or Sulfonylureas.
Adverse effects include peripheral edema, weight gain, hepatotoxicity, and increased LDL/triglyceride levels.
Contraindication: Heart failure.
Interactions: Gemfibrozil increases hypoglycemic effects by inhibiting drug metabolism.

Acarbose (Precose)

Class: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
Mechanism: Reversibly inhibits alpha-glucosidase to delay glucose absorption, should be taken with the first bite of a meal.
Common adverse effects: Flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hepatotoxicity.
Contraindications include inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndromes, and intestinal obstruction.

Pramlintide (Symlin)

Class: Amylin Mimetics
Mechanism: Slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion, and reduces hepatic glucose output; helps regulate appetite and satiety.
Effective for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Adverse effect: Nausea.
Contraindicated in patients with gastrointestinal motility problems.
Interactions with insulin (increases hypoglycemia risk) and oral medications (delays absorption).

General Considerations

All medications require careful monitoring for effectiveness and potential side effects.
Lifestyle modifications remain crucial in managing diabetes effectively.

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Description

Test your knowledge on oral antidiabetic drugs with these flashcards. Learn about different medications like Metformin and their mechanisms of action. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or healthcare professionals.